Estimating the impact of SNAP, WIC, and UI in the primary prevention of multiple forms of family violence: a causal and computational approach

项目摘要/摘要 儿童和家庭暴力是普遍的、代价高昂的和严重的公共卫生问题，与 家庭经济压力，在新冠肺炎大流行期间也大大增加了。支座 家庭收入和减少低收入或失业期间的粮食不安全(包括 可防止多种形式的家庭暴力，改善儿童的健康、安全和福祉 还有女人。这项拟议的研究的目标是严格评估三个大的、但 研究不足的经济援助方案--补充营养援助方案(SNAP)，特别 妇女、婴儿和儿童补充营养计划(WIC)和失业保险(UI)- 2001年一级预防虐待和疏忽照顾儿童和亲密伴侣暴力的情况- 2020年期间。这些计划中的每一个都经历了重大变化和紧急调整 新冠肺炎大流行，这使得公共卫生政策了解这些计划产生了什么影响 关于儿童和家庭暴力和经济稳定。尽管这些节目不是为暴力而设计的 预防工具、理论和经验研究清楚地表明，经济支持有潜力 对儿童和家庭暴力产生重大影响。我们将在更广泛的安全背景下分析这些计划 NET(例如，医疗补助扩展、州EITC)来研究政策在和 横跨各州。使用强大的方法、多个新颖的数据源和出色的机构资源，我们的 多学科团队将严格评估SNAP、WIC和UI计划的主要影响 通过三个相互关联的目标预防IPV和CAN：1)衡量如何获得SNAP和WIC以及 福利慷慨影响COVID前儿童虐待和忽视以及亲密伴侣暴力 科维德--时代。2)确定COVID时代对UI计划的修订是否改进了访问和 与COVID之前的时代相比，慷慨为妇女和儿童提供了额外的保护。3) 通过评估，为实施目标2和3中的政策影响提供关键的背景数据 更广泛的安全网作为初级预防暴力侵害妇女行为的工具的反应能力 还有孩子。拟议研究的结果将推动有关SNAP、WIC、UI和 安全网方案，作为初级预防虐待和忽视儿童的潜在工具，以及亲密伙伴 暴力。我们将为各种一般和研究传播可获得的、以证据为基础的科学发现 通过政策简报、社交媒体、会议演示文稿和同行评议的期刊出版物吸引受众。 这些方案的全国覆盖范围和各州差异为改善暴力行为创造了一个关键的潜在机会 预防、健康公平和福祉。通过增加我们对现有项目的了解，这项研究 将帮助科学家和公共卫生界更多地了解经济政策如何与 健康和社会成果。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Child and family violence are prevalent, costly, and serious public health problems which have been linked to household economic stress, which has also been greatly increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Supporting household income and reducing food insecurity during periods of under- or unemployment (including the pandemic) may prevent multiple forms of family violence, improving the health, safety, and well-being of children and women. The objective of the proposed research is to rigorously evaluate the impacts of three large, yet under-studied economic assistance programs—the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and Unemployment Insurance (UI)— on the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect (CAN) and intimate partner violence (IPV) during the 2001- 2020 period. Each of these programs has seen significant changes and emergency adjustments during the Covid-19 pandemic, making it critical for public health policy to understand what impacts these programs have on child and family violence and economic stability. Although these programs are not designed as violence prevention tools, theoretical and empirical research clearly indicates that economic supports have the potential to meaningfully impact child and family violence. We will analyze these programs in context of the broader safety net (e.g., Medicaid expansion, state EITC) to study heterogeneous and interactions effects of policies within and across states. Using robust methods, multiple novel data sources, and outstanding institutional resources, our multidisciplinary team will rigorously evaluate the impacts of the SNAP, WIC, and UI programs as primary prevention for IPV and CAN through three interrelated aims: 1) Measure how access to SNAP and WIC and benefit generosity impacts child abuse and neglect and intimate partner violence in the pre-COVID and COVID-eras. 2) Determine whether COVID-era revisions to the UI program that improved access and generosity provided additional protections to women and children, relative to the pre-COVID era. 3) Provide key contextual data for implementation of policy impacts found in Aims 2 and 3 by assessing the responsiveness of the broader safety net as a tool for primary prevention of violence against women and children. Findings from the proposed research will advance the scientific literature on SNAP, WIC, UI, and safety net programs as potential tools for the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect, and intimate partner violence. We will disseminate accessible, evidence-based scientific findings for a variety of general and research audiences through policy briefs, social media, conference presentations, and peer-reviewed journal publications. The national reach and state variation of these programs creates a key potential opportunity to improve violence prevention, health equity, and well-being. By increasing our understanding of existing programs, this research will help scientists and the public health community to learn more about how economic policy interacts with health and social outcomes.