RACISM IN MINORITY CHILDREN

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 该项目的目标是1)了解不同少数民族背景的儿童对种族主义(种族歧视和偏见)的认知、解释、概念化和处理方式。2)利用这些信息创建有效和可靠的工具，以衡量少数群体儿童对种族主义的看法，这些工具将以发展理论为基础，并对不同族裔的儿童具有显著意义；3)在研究中使用这些工具，目的是了解被感知的种族主义对a)少数群体儿童的发展能力和行为健康的影响，以及b)少数群体在健康和保健结果方面的差距。正在争取机构审查委员会批准目标2：制定和测试旨在衡量少数族裔儿童对种族主义看法的工具(问卷)。根据对少数族裔青年的半结构化访谈收集的数据，编制了一份原型问卷。这份问卷包括以下问题：1)儿童是否经历过因种族、肤色、口音或文化而受到歧视的情况。2)儿童对事件的情绪反应；3)儿童的应对反应。 本研究建议以8至18岁的少数族裔青少年为样本，进行问卷调查，并对问卷的反应进行心理测量学分析，以确定问卷的效度和信度。除了对种族主义的看法问卷外，还将使用修订后的儿童表现焦虑量表和儿童抑郁问卷(作为确定结构效度的测量)。这些分析可能会导致原始问卷的改进，然后可以在未来的研究中使用，以确定种族主义(作为心理社会应激源)对少数族裔儿童行为健康和发育的影响，作为急慢性疾病病因学的促成应激源，以及它对卫生保健和卫生服务问题的影响。原始问卷的初步试行将在庇护山的男孩和女孩俱乐部进行。将在哈特福德公立学校系统进行额外的测试(经哈特福德公立学校系统总监办公室批准后)。在男孩和女孩俱乐部，将招募参加夏令营的少数族裔(即非裔美国人、波多黎各人和西印度群岛/加勒比人)儿童作为便利样本。在公立学校系统中，将获取基于初中和高中课堂作业的样本。在这两种情况下，都将获得父母的知情同意以及子女的同意。虽然将获得一般描述性人口信息，如年龄和种族，但将保持匿名性和保密性；不会记录个人身份。数据分析将包括用于子量表识别的因素分析、项目分析、项目与量表的相关性、内部一致性信度(系数α)的确定以及通过相关分析确定结构效度。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The objective of this project is 1)to gain an understanding of the ways children of different ethnic minority backgrounds perceive, interpret, conceptualize, and process racism (racial discrimination and prejudice). 2)to utilize this information to create valid and reliable instruments for measuring perceptions of racism in minority children which will be based on developmental theory and which have saliency for children of different ethnicities, and 3)to use these instruments in studies aimed at understanding the effects of perceived racism on a]the developmental competencies and behavioral health of minority children, as well as b]disparities in health and health care outcomes seen in minority populations. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval is being sought for Objective 2: the creation and testing of instruments (questionnaires) aimed at measuring perceptions of racism in minority children. A proto-questionnaire has been developed based on data gathered from semi-structured interviews with minority youths. This questionnaire includes items that pertain to 1) whether a child has experienced situations in which he/she perceived as being discriminated against based on ethnicity, skin color, accent, or culture. 2)the child's emotional response to the incident, and 3)the child's coping response. The present study proposal is to administer this proto-questionnaire to a sample of minority youth between the ages of 8 and 18, and psychometrically analyze the response to determine validity and reliability of the instrument. In addition to the Perceptions of Racism questionnaire, the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Child Depression Inventory will be administered (as measures to be used in the determination of construct validity). These analyses will likely result in refinement of the proto-questionnaire, which can then be used in future studies to determine the effects of racism (as a psychosocial stressor) on minority child behavioral health and development, as a contributory stressor in acute and chronic illness etiology, as well as it's effects on health care and health services issues. Initial piloting of the proto-questionnaire will be conducted at the Boys and Girls Club of Asylum Hill. Additional testing will be conducted in the Hartford Public School System (upon approval from the Superintendent's Office of the Hartford Public School System). At the Boys and Girls Club, a convenience sample of minority (i.e., African American, Puerto Rican, and West Indian/Caribbean) children attending summer camp will be recruited. In the public school system, samples based on classroom assignment in middle and high schools will be procured. In both settings, informed consent of the parent, as well as child assent will be obtained. Although general descriptive demographic information such as age and ethnicity will be obtained, anonymity and confidentiality will be maintained; no personal identifiers will be recorded. Data analyses will include factor analysis for subscale identification, item analyses, item-scale correlations, determination of the internal consistency reliability (coefficient alpha), and construct validity determination through correlation analyses.