Revictimization, Emotional Regulation and PTSD

描述(由申请人提供)：最近的理论著作表明，对负面情绪状态的无效调节可能会降低女性发现和有效应对增加性侵犯风险的情景和人际因素的能力。虽然研究已经发现了负面情绪和对紧张的人际环境的不适应反应之间的关系，但很少有研究考察情绪和个人检测性侵犯风险的能力之间的关系。因此，这项拟议项目的一个目标是检查实验诱导的负面情绪对风险反应障碍的影响。此外，基于既往的性侵害会增加性侵犯风险的研究，本研究将调查既往的性受害历史是否会与负面情绪相互作用，从而进一步增加风险反应的损害。最后，研究发现，一些情绪调节策略比其他策略适应性更差。例如，抑制(隐藏情绪状态)的情绪调节策略需要大量的认知资源，可能会损害对情绪事件的记忆。因此，参与压制的人可能不太擅长识别和回应意味着攻击风险增加的情景线索。因此，这项研究还将探索性受害女性在假设性侵犯期间是否更有可能使用压抑，以及压抑的使用是否在性受害与风险识别缺陷之间的关系中起到中介作用。本研究将招募一批本科生女性，以确保基本的性侵害比率。参与者将被随机分配到中性或负面情绪诱导程序中。之后，他们将听到一个描述强制约会情况的性侵犯小插曲，在这个小插曲中，他们将被指示指示小插曲中的男性何时“做得太过分”，并描述他们作为小插曲中的女性将如何反应。然后，参与者将完成自我报告测量，表明他们在对小插曲做出判断时使用特定情绪调节策略的程度。最后，参与者将被指示回忆尽可能多的插曲细节，以检验性侵犯插曲期间调节情绪体验的认知成本。性侵害是一个地方性社会问题，与无数后遗症有关，如抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍、药物滥用、人际关系困难和严重的健康问题，如艾滋病毒。因此，了解受害的风险因素对于制定有效的性侵犯预防和治疗方案至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent theoretical writings suggest that the ineffective regulation of negative emotional states may reduce the ability of women to detect and respond effectively to situational and interpersonal factors that increase risk for sexual assault. Although studies have found relationships between negative emotions and maladaptive responses to stressful interpersonal situations, there is a paucity of research examining the relationship between emotions and individuals' abilities to detect risk for sexual assault. Therefore, one goal of the proposed project is to examine the impact of experimentally-induced negative mood on risk response impairments. Furthermore, based on research suggesting that prior sexual victimization increases risk for sexual assault, this study will investigate whether a history of prior sexual victimization interacts with negative mood to further increase impairments in risk responses. Finally, studies have found that some emotion regulation strategies are less adaptive than others. For example, the emotion regulation strategy of suppression (concealing emotional states) requires significant cognitive resources and can impair memory for emotional events. Thus, it is possible that individuals who engage in suppression may be less adept at identifying and responding to situational cues that signify increased risk of assault. As such, this study also will explore whether sexually victimized women are more likely to use suppression during a hypothetical sexual assault vignette, and whether the use of suppression mediates the relationship between sexual victimization and risk recognition deficits. The present study will recruit a sample of undergraduate women to ensure a substantial base rate of sexual victimization. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a neutral or negative mood induction procedure. After, they will hear a sexual assault vignette depicting a coercive dating situation, during which they will be instructed to indicate when the male in the vignette has "gone too far" and to describe how they would respond as the female in the vignette. Participants then will complete self-report measures indicating the degree to which they utilized particular emotion regulation strategies when making judgments about the vignette. Finally, participants will be instructed to recall as many details of the vignette as possible in order to examine the cognitive costs of regulating emotional experiences during the sexual assault vignette. Sexual victimization is an endemic societal problem that has been associated with myriad sequelae such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, interpersonal difficulties, and serious health problems such as HIV. Thus, understanding risk factors for victimization is critical to the development of effective sexual assault prevention and treatment programs.