The Role of Toxoplasma Rhoptries in Host Cell Infection

弓形虫是一种寄生于顶复门的专性细胞内寄生虫， 免疫功能低下（艾滋病/移植/淋巴瘤）个体的神经系统疾病和出生缺陷 to congenitively先天infected感染neonates新生儿worldwide世界各地.这种寄生虫也可以作为研究 细胞内顶复门寄生虫引起全球医学和兽医的各种疾病 重要性包括恶性疟原虫，疟疾的病原体。这些寄生虫主动侵入 进入并驻留在宿主细胞质中的一个独特的寄生虫液泡（PV）中。入侵 PV的建立部分是由棒状体的作用介导的，棒状体是一种独特的分泌细胞器， 顶复门棒状体在这一过程中的确切作用尚不清楚，主要是因为只有少数 迄今为止已经鉴定了棒状体蛋白。为了解决棒状体的功能，我们纯化了 并利用蛋白质组学和单克隆抗体方法分析其含量。我们有 鉴定了棒状体的主要蛋白质组分，其中一种是蛋白磷酸酶2C样 在感染过程中靶向宿主细胞核的TgPP 2L蛋白，表明TgPP 2L蛋白的新作用。 寄生虫-宿主相互作用的棒状体。^^SJi！我！Q ^O^^g S ^^M ^^3 ^ffi ^^Siffili ^J idBWfie^iilioulplfe^^ .- ' r WMI * yto&*~：=s ifcu ^A. $? i，-^M^mK >^&*B^，. MM ^i^l.%<$--. m^& amp; amp; amp ^J ' ~ ^ . ¿？".这是电视！TjTT^V^XiT^Wtm&* i '！^“Eii1HSMf”<$"^^ I ^ST-或”<$*<$ %<$"<$<$a”*g|- '^.-“3$pv *q^- n*"*j”-： 我知道了。我知道了。：sl.gBjC*5- Tsw^kw^i. rf*sa <$*- ~i <$OM^.*^. <^U~->.>~^^我的天啊！<& ffiiltmffi &<$w<？iKM 8ifm <$>t rM6at.. mgi.iii-.. I.，<a！fss^t^，i：.ft.Hn.Ti.，-不......你......：n-.iiapi* >.. in it.在它里面

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellularparasite in the phylumApicomplexa that causes severe central nervous system disorders of immunocompromised (AIDS/transplant/lymphoma)individualsand birth defects to congenitallyinfected neonates worldwide. This parasite also serves as a model system for the study of intracellular Apicomplexan parasites that cause a varitey of diseases of global medical andveterinary importance including Plasmodiumfalciparum, the causative agent of malaria. These parasites actively invade into and reside within a uniqueparasitophorous vacuole (PV) in the cytoplasm of the host. Invasionand establishment of the PV are mediated in part by the action of the rhoptries, secretory organelles uniqueto Apicomplexans. The precise role of the rhoptries in this process in not known, largely because only a few rhoptry proteins have been identified to date. To address the function of the rhoptries, we have purified rhoptries and analyzed their contents using proteomic and monoclonal antibody approaches. We have identified the major proteins constituents of the rhoptries, one of which is a protein phosphatase 2C-like (TgPP2L) protein that is targeted to the nucleus of the host cell during infection, indicatinga novel role for the rhoptries in host-parasite interaction. ^^SJi!i!Q^^^O^¿gS^¿^M^^3^ffi^^^Siffili^J idBWfie^iilioulplfe^^ .-' r WMIOU* yto&*~: =s¿ifcu ^A. $?ima&~ jim^^i,-^M^mK >^&*b^, . MM ^i^l.%¿--.m^&&¿¿ ¿s*¿w &tg^#s^¿m&K&KM^>~ ***&¿*¿. ^J ' ~ ^ . ¿?". ^<WT'^***'¿^iST^TV^^^!^TjTT^V^XiT^^ ^¿Wtm&*i'!^'Eii1HSMf^'¿"^^ I ^ST-OR" ¿*¿%¿' ¿"¿¿a"*g|- '^.-"3$pv *q^- n*"*j"-: v^¿*wi¿¿ .T^BgiBr^te-dii-iBriSBii ¿- -aanHJMifrfe. :sl.gBjC*5- Tsw^kw^i. rf*sa¿*- ~i¿OM^.*^. ¿A<^U~->.>~^^MW j^aiaiss^' 'fsdm&ff"! <&ffiiiltmffi&¿w<?iKM8ifm¿>t rM6at..mgi.iii-...i. ,<a!fss^t^,i:.ft.Hn.Ti ¿¿ ¿ ...,- ¿ n........._ni......:n-.iiapi* >..in it.n .n.n ,_ J