Spinal Surgical Simulation Translational Research Using Collocated Virtual Realit

描述(申请人提供)：我们将“加速生物医学技术的应用”(参看NIBIB任务)通过将我们在模拟脑室造口这一常见脑外科手术中率先采用的虚拟现实和触觉技术扩展到一种新的模拟器，用于脊柱手术的常见步骤椎弓根螺钉置入。我们将通过评估脊柱手术模拟器的真实感和在教学中的有效性来帮助“改善健康”。 提出了以下应用研究、基础研究和评估任务： 应用研究： 1.基于真实患者的CT数据创建腰椎的三维模型。 2.在通过具有不同机械特性的人体组织或骨插入探头或类似器械时，产生对外科医生手的触觉反馈的模拟。 3.模拟螺纹孔探查过程中的实时骨体积去除或压缩。使用顶点着色器将准确的触觉力反馈与事后着色的圆柱孔模型结合起来。 4.使用六自由度触觉机器人(以前的应用仅涉及三自由度机器人)对螺纹孔攻丝和手动螺钉插入的扭矩反馈进行建模。 5.在开放手术和微型开放手术中创建手术脊柱暴露的逼真3D触觉和视觉表示。在迷你开启方式下，通过管子牵引器限制操作空间。基础研究： 6.表面变形模型。开发一种新的脊柱上皮肤变形性模型，并将其应用于微创外科中通过皮肤插入椎弓根螺钉。 7.体积建模。研究一种新的方法，将MRI数据直接转换为3D解剖模型，而不需要手动分割CT扫描。 8.卷删除。模拟在切割或钻孔操作过程中实时去除骨骼的体积。评估任务： 9.模拟器。在模拟器上对学生进行评分，并通过学生进步来判断其有效性。 与公共健康相关：我们将通过将我们在模拟脑室造口术这一常见脑外科手术时开创的虚拟现实和触觉并置技术扩展到一种新的模拟器，用于脊柱手术的常见步骤-椎弓根螺钉放置，以“加速生物医学技术的应用”。我们将通过评估脊柱手术模拟器的真实感和在教学中的有效性来帮助“改善健康”。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We will "accelerate the application of biomedical technology" (cf. NIBIB mission) by extending the collocated virtual reality and haptic techniques pioneered by us in our simulation of a common form of brain surgery, ventriculostomy, to a new simulator for a common step of spinal surgery, pedicle screw placement. We will help "improve health" by evaluating the spine surgery simulator for its realism and its effectiveness in teaching. The following applied research, fundamental research and evaluation tasks are proposed: Applied Research: 1. Create a three-dimensional model of the lumbar spine based on real patient CT data. 2. Produce a simulation of haptic force feedback to the surgeon's hand upon the insertion of a probe or similar instrument through human tissue or bone of different mechanical properties. 3. Simulate real-time bone volume removal or compression in probing of a screw hole. Couple accurate haptic force feedback with an after-the-fact shaded cylindrical hole model using a vertex shader. 4. Model the torque feedback from the screw hole tapping and manual screw insertion using a six degree of freedom (DOF) haptic robot (previous applications involved only a 3 DOF robot). 5. Create realistic 3D haptic and visual representations of the surgical spinal exposures in open surgery and mini-open surgery. Limit operating space through the tube retractor in the mini-open approach. Fundamental Research: 6. Surface Deformation Model. Develop a new model for the deformability of skin over the spine and apply it to the insertion of pedicle screws through the skin in minimally invasive surgery. 7. Volumetric modeling. Investigate a new method for the direct conversion of MRI data into 3D anatomical models that does not require the manual segmentation of CT scans. 8. Volume removal. Simulate real-time volume removal of bone during cutting or drilling operations. Evaluation Tasks: 9. Simulator. Grade students on simulator and judge its effectiveness by student improvement. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We will "accelerate the application of biomedical technology" by extending the collocated virtual reality and haptic techniques pioneered by us in our simulation of a common form of brain surgery, ventriculostomy, to a new simulator for a common step of spinal surgery, pedicle screw placement. We will help 'improve health" by evaluating the spine surgery simulator for its realism and its effectiveness in teaching.