Translational linkage strategies for DNA vaccines against cancer

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目标是开发有效的分子定义免疫佐剂，用于主动免疫抗癌，并与更有效的免疫佐剂直接相关，用于免疫感染性病原体。虽然对癌症的耐受性是可逆的，但针对癌症自身抗原的免疫接种面临着与耐受性和免疫调节相关的重大障碍。有效的免疫佐剂将是必要的成功主动免疫针对癌症自身抗原，其固有的免疫原性差。最近，我们获得的数据表明，在用基因融合佐剂免疫的动物中，适应性免疫反应的细胞具有强大的激活作用。我们使用遗传佐剂（质粒DNA），将微生物基因，包括VP22（疱疹病毒）和外毒素A（铜绿假单胞菌），与优化的自身抗原（酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1 = TYRP1）结合起来，产生融合基因产物，增强协同和高效的免疫反应。基于广泛的初步筛选和我们对这些分子如何调节获得性免疫细胞激活的理解，已经仔细选择了编码各种候选微生物基因融合的DNA。能够最有效激活免疫细胞的微生物基因融合佐剂将被组合到一个质粒上，该质粒由来自口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）的18个氨基酸“2A序列”连接，从而产生双链DNA疫苗。特异性目的1检验与单基因融合相比，结合2A序列偶联的两个或多个基因融合是否可以提高免疫细胞的激活水平。特异性目的2研究最有效的2a连接基因融合嵌合体激活t细胞的机制。特异性目的3评估多拷贝DNA微生物融合疫苗是否有效，作为组合剂，可以与IL-12/Fc融合DNA构建体一起应用于不同的肿瘤。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to develop effective molecularly-defined immune adjuvants for active immunization against cancer, and with direct relevance for more potent immune adjuvants for immunization against infectious pathogens. Although tolerance to cancer is reversible, immunization against cancer self-antigens faces substantial hurdles related to tolerance and immune regulation. Potent immune adjuvants will be necessary for successful active immunization against cancer self-antigens, which are inherently poorly immunogenic. Recently, we have acquired data that demonstrates robust activation of cells from the adaptive immune response in animals immunized with gene-fusion adjuvants. We use genetic adjuvants (plasmid DNA) that combine microbial genes, including VP22 (Herpesvirus) and Exotoxin A (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), with an optimized self-antigen (tyrosinase-related protein 1 = TYRP1) to generate fusion gene products that potentiate a synergistic and highly effectual immune response. DNA encoding a variety of candidate microbial gene-fusions have been carefully selected based on extensive preliminary screening and on our understanding of how these molecules regulate the activation of acquired immune cells. The microbial gene-fusion adjuvants that elicit the most potent activation of immune cells will be combined onto a single plasmid, linked by an 18 amino acid "2A sequence" from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to generate a bicistronic DNA vaccine. Specific Aim 1 examines whether combining two or more gene-fusions coupled by the 2A sequence can increase the level of immune cell activation compared to a single gene-fusion. Specific Aim 2 studies the mechanism of T-cell activation from the most potent 2A-linked gene-fusion chimeras. Specific Aim 3 evaluates whether multi-copy DNA microbial fusion vaccines are effective, as combinatorial agents that can be applied with an IL-12/Fc fusion DNA construct against different tumors.