High-Frequency Rhythms of the Neocortex: Mechanisms and Interactions

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目涉及新皮层中脑振荡的生理机制，新皮层是感知，思维和记忆的重要结构。脑振荡被认为是重要的感觉处理，认知状态，如注意力，和运动规划。脑振荡的病理改变已被证明与各种神经精神疾病的存在和进展相关，包括癫痫、痴呆症和精神分裂症。最近在体内和体外的数据表明，一个给定的皮质区域可以表达，同时，两个不同的振荡，产生（在体外的情况下）在不同的板层。在体内也有许多不同频率的振荡嵌套的例子。虽然已经取得了相当大的进展，在理解的机制产生的个人皮层节奏，少得多的是已知的多种相互作用的神经节律在体内和体外。该项目的主要目的是进一步详细研究高频脑振荡的机制，并将这些信息用作研究在相同或不同频率下同时产生的节律的时空相互作用的平台。我们试图了解多重振荡如何在单个或相互连接的网络中共同表达，以及它们如何相互作用以促进皮层信息处理。该项目的具体目标包括分析选定的高频节奏（伽马（30-80 Hz）和突触依赖性β 2（20-80 Hz）深层产生的节律，非常快（>80 Hz）的振荡）;决定深层何时表达伽马或β 2的因素;单个皮质柱内多种节律的相互作用;以解剖学上真实的方式连接的多个柱的动力学。技术包括详细和简化的网络建模。更好地理解脑振荡的细胞机制，以及振荡如何组合在一起，可以提供关于“振荡修复”是否是合理的临床目标的信息，从某种意义上说，使脑振荡正常化的临床干预也可能改善临床症状。它也可能有助于最终使用脑振荡信号作为脑机接口设备的输入。公共卫生相关性本项目关注新皮层中高频脑振荡的生理机制，新皮层是感知、思维和记忆的重要结构。这些脑振荡的病理改变已被证明与各种神经精神疾病的存在和进展相关，包括癫痫，痴呆症和精神分裂症。更好地理解脑振荡的细胞机制，以及振荡如何组合在一起，可以提供关于“振荡修复”是否是合理的临床目标的信息，从某种意义上说，使脑振荡正常化的临床干预也可能改善临床症状。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project concerns the physiological mechanisms of brain oscillations in the neocortex, a structure vital for perception, thought and memory. Brain oscillations are believed to be important for sensory processing, cognitive states such as attention, and for motor planning. Pathological alterations in brain oscillations have been shown to correlate with the existence of, and progression of, a variety of neuro-psychiatric conditions, including epilepsy, dementing disorders, and schizophrenia. Recent in vivo and in vitro data have demonstrated that a given cortical region can express, simultaneously, two different oscillations, produced (in the in vitro case) in different laminae. There are also numerous examples, in vivo, of oscillations of different frequency that are nested. Though considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the generation of individual cortical rhythms, much less is known about multiple interacting neural rhythms seen in vivo and in vitro. The broad aims of this project are to examine, in further detail, the mechanisms of high-frequency brain oscillations, and to use that information as a platform for the study of spatiotemporal interactions of concurrently generated rhythms at the same, or at different, frequencies. We seek to understand how multiple oscillations may be co-expressed in single or interconnected networks, and how they may interact to facilitate cortical information processing. The specific aims of the project include the analysis of selected high-frequency rhythms (gamma (30-80 Hz) and synapse-dependent beta2 (20-80 Hz) rhythms generated in deep layers, very fast (>80 Hz) oscillations); the factors that determine when deep layers express gamma or beta2; the interactions of multiple rhythms within a single cortical column; the dynamics of multiple columns connected in an anatomically realistic manner. Techniques include both detailed and reduced network modeling. Better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of brain oscillations, and how oscillations become grouped together, could provide information as to whether "oscillation repair" is a reasonable clinical goal, in the sense that clinical interventions that normalize brain oscillations might also improve clinical symptoms. It may also help in the eventual use of brain oscillation signals as inputs to brain-machine-interface devices. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE This project concerns the physiological mechanisms of high frequency brain oscillations in the neocortex, a structure vital for perception, thought, and memory. Pathological alterations in these brain oscillations have been shown to correlate with the existence of, and progression of, a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, including epilepsy, dementing disorders, and schizophrenia. Better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of brain oscillations, and how oscillations become grouped together, could provide information as to whether "oscillation repair" is a reasonable clinical goal, in the sense that clinical interventions that normalize brain oscillations might also improve clinical symptoms.