Influence of Self Control on Behavioral Economic Indices and Smoking Behavior

描述(由申请人提供)：尽管吸烟带来了许多负面后果(例如，健康、社会和经济成本)，但超过20%的美国成年人仍在继续吸烟。此外，戒烟后的复吸率通常超过90%，这表明有必要了解吸烟的强化特性和复发的潜在诱因。随着这些因素的阐明，它们可以被用来指导更有效的干预措施的发展。目前这项研究的主要目的是测试自我控制耗竭是否可以作为吸烟失败/复发的前置因素，研究可能加剧这种影响的背景(即尼古丁戒断)，并测试可能调节吸烟行为增加的新机制(即香烟需求和延迟折扣的行为经济学指数)。这些目标将通过2X2、交叉析因、受试者间设计(N=132依赖吸烟者)来实现。在尼古丁剥夺(剥夺与不剥夺)和自我控制耗竭(耗尽与不耗尽)操作之后，将评估结果变量(即渴望、香烟需求、延迟折扣和吸烟失误/复发行为)。本研究通过使用吸烟失误/复发模拟任务，试图描述自我控制资源和行为经济变量(即药物需求和延迟折扣)在维持尼古丁依赖中所起的作用。因此，这项研究旨在扩展一条系统的研究路线，有可能推动成瘾理论的发展，并为新的干预措施确定目标。鉴于申请人对自我控制、行为经济学和治疗发展的转化方法学(即吸烟复发/复发模拟任务)的兴趣，申请人将访问这些领域的专家实验室，包括：Roy Baumeister博士(佛罗里达州立大学)、James MacKillop博士(佐治亚大学)、Warren Bickel博士(弗吉尼亚理工大学)和Sherry McKee博士(耶鲁大学)。这些访问将为申请者提供方法培训和合作机会。申请人还将参加一个关于高级统计分析的研讨会，并完成与他的研究(例如，行为理论、行为医学和药理学)和职业(例如，拨款撰写和伦理)相关的研究生水平课程。最后，申请人的研究生培训的剩余部分将致力于进一步发展他的研究计划。这将通过完成手稿、持续的合作以及在多个科学会议上提交研究报告来证明。最终，申请者致力于发展成为一名独立的研究人员，并获得一个有竞争力的博士后研究员或教员职位，以便继续系统地研究自我控制资源与吸烟之间的关系，并开发新的戒烟干预措施。 与公共健康相关：尽管吸烟是全球可预防的主要死亡原因，但目前仍有超过20%的美国成年人吸烟。此外，在那些试图戒烟的人中，复发率通常超过90%。目前这项研究的目标是确定潜在的吸烟复发预测因素和过程，从而促进成瘾理论的发展，并为治疗发展提供新的靶点。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the multitude of negative consequences from tobacco smoking (e.g., health, social, and economic costs), over 20% of U.S. adults continue to smoke. Furthermore, post-cessation relapse rates typically exceed 90%, exemplifying the need to understand the reinforcing properties of smoking and potential precipitants of relapse. As these factors are elucidated, they can be used to inform the development of more effective interventions. The primary goal of the current study is to test whether self-control depletion may serve as an antecedent for smoking lapse/relapse, examine a context that may exacerbate this effect (i.e., nicotine withdrawal), and test novel mechanisms that may mediate increased smoking behavior (i.e., behavioral economic indices of cigarette demand and delay discounting). These goals will be accomplished via a 2 X 2, crossed-factorial, between-subjects design (N = 132 dependent smokers). Following nicotine deprivation (deprivation vs. no deprivation) and self-control depletion (depletion vs. no depletion) manipulations, outcome variables will be assessed (i.e., craving, cigarette demand, delay discounting, and smoking lapse/relapse behavior). By utilizing a smoking lapse/relapse analogue task, the current study intends to delineate the role that self-control resources and behavioral economic variables (i.e., drug demand and delay discounting) play in maintaining nicotine dependence. Therefore, this study aims to extend a systematic line of research that has the potential of advancing theories of addiction as well as identifying targets for novel interventions. Given the applicant's interess in self-control, behavioral economics, and translational methodology for treatment development (i.e., the smoking lapse/relapse analogue task), the applicant will visit the laboratories of expers in each of these fields, including: Dr. Roy Baumeister (Florida State University), Dr. James MacKillop (University of Georgia), Dr. Warren Bickel (Virginia Tech), and Dr. Sherry McKee (Yale University). These visitations will provide the applicant with methodological training and opportunities for collaboration. The applicant will also attend a workshop on advanced statistical analyses and complete graduate level courses pertinent to his research (e.g., behavior theory, behavioral medicine, and pharmacology) and career (e.g., grant writing and ethics) interests. Finally, the remainder of the applicant's graduate training will be dedicated to the further development of his research program. This will be evidenced by completion of manuscripts, continued collaborations, and presentation of research at multiple scientific meetings. Ultimately, the applicant is devoted to developing into an independent researcher and obtaining a competitive postdoctoral fellowship or faculty position that will allow for the continuation of tis systematic line of research examining the relationship between self-control resources and smoking, and the development of novel smoking cessation interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Despite tobacco smoking serving as the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, over 20% of U.S. adults currently smoke. Moreover, relapse rates typically exceed 90% among those who attempt to quit smoking. The goals of the current study are to identify potential predictors and processes of smoking relapse, thereby advancing theories of addiction and providing novel targets for treatment development.