Parental exposure to ionizing radiation and birth defects

描述（由申请人提供）：电离辐射是一种公认的致癌物质，已知会导致染色体断裂，即它是一种致裂原。虽然人类对电离辐射和出生缺陷的研究有限，但在动物研究中已经证明电离辐射会导致出生缺陷。我们假设，人类在怀孕前立即暴露于电离辐射可能会导致父母一方或双方的生殖细胞染色体异常，导致出生缺陷。此外，孕妇在妊娠早期暴露于电离辐射可能导致发育中的胚胎中快速分裂的细胞死亡，从而导致出生缺陷。上述途径可能有助于许多不同类型的出生缺陷的病因学，特别是多发性异常和染色体异常。本研究的目的是：1)评估母亲接触x线电离辐射与出生缺陷之间的关系；2)评估母亲接触职业电离辐射与出生缺陷之间的关系；3)评估父亲接触职业电离辐射与出生缺陷之间的关系。拟议的研究将基于国家出生缺陷预防研究（NBDPS） 8.0版本的数据。该研究设计具有成本效益，利用了国家出生缺陷预防研究收集的22000多名孕妇的现有数据。这项研究将包括对15,000多名患有30多种不同出生缺陷的婴儿的母亲和7,173名对照母亲进行的母亲访谈的数据。孕妇在受孕前三个月或怀孕期间接受的医学成像研究产生的电离辐射暴露将根据孕妇对详细电话访谈的答复进行测量。还将根据对同一访谈中关于母亲和父亲职业的详细问题的答复来测量母亲和父亲的职业暴露于电离辐射。为了对母亲和父亲的职业电离辐射源暴露进行分类，我们计划使用由国家癌症研究所（NCI）的Mustafa Dosemeci开发的工作暴露矩阵（JEM），该矩阵专门针对电离辐射的职业暴露源。总之，我们建议对电离辐射的职业和医学来源与出生缺陷进行一项规模最大、统计上最有力的以人口为基础的研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ionizing radiation is a well-established carcinogen and is known to cause breakage of chromosomes, i.e. it is a clastogen. Although human studies of ionizing radiation and birth defects are limited, ionizing radiation has been shown to cause birth defects in animal studies. We hypothesize that in humans exposure to ionizing radiation immediately prior to conception may induce chromosomal abnormalities in the germ cells of one or both parents, resulting in birth defects. Further, maternal exposure to ionizing radiation in early pregnancy may result in the death of rapidly dividing cells in the developing embryo resulting in a birth defect. The pathways described above may contribute to the etiology of many different types of birth defects, especially multiple anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities. The aims of this study are: 1) To assess the association between maternal exposure to ionizing radiation from x-ray procedures and birth defects 2) To assess the association between maternal exposure to occupational sources of ionizing radiation and birth defects and 3) To assess the association between paternal exposure to occupational sources of ionizing radiation and birth defects. The proposed study will be based on data from version 8.0 of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). The study design is cost-effective, utilizing existing data collected by the National Birth Defects Prevention Study on over 22,000 pregnant women. This study will include data from maternal interviews on over 15,000 mothers of infants with over 30 different categories of birth defects and 7,173 control mothers. Maternal exposure to ionizing radiation from medical imaging studies performed in the three months before conception or during pregnancy will be measured based on maternal responses to a detailed telephone interview. Maternal and paternal occupational exposures to ionizing radiation will also be measured based on responses to detailed questions on maternal and paternal occupations from the same interview. In order to classify maternal and paternal exposures to occupational sources of ionizing radiation, we plan to use a job-exposure matrix (JEM) that is specific to occupational sources of exposure to ionizing radiation and has been developed by Mustafa Dosemeci at National Cancer Institute (NCI). In summary we propose to conduct one of the largest most statistically powerful population based studies of occupational and medical sources of ionizing radiation and birth defects. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study will determine whether women who are exposed to radiation from x-rays, CAT scans and other types of medical imaging are at an increased risk of having infants with 30 different categories of birth defects. It will also determine whether women and men who are exposed to radiation in their workplace have an increased risk of having infants with 30 different categories of birth defects.