Cross-Cultural Comparison of Interactions Between Anxious Mothers and Children

描述（由申请人提供）：这项培训补助金的目标是通过检查使青年处于焦虑风险较高的育儿做法，促进拉丁美洲青年的积极青年发展。从长远来看，这将使候选人能够量身定制干预措施，以更好地服务于不同的家庭，减少心理健康差距。该奖学金的培训目标是使候选人具备（a）了解家庭过程，文化和青年结果之间的相互作用，（B）开发创新，文化适当的焦虑干预措施的技能，（c）使用合理的研究设计和定量方法进行严格调查的能力。这些目标将通过领先的研究人员和课程完成的指导来实现。培训计划将最终完成拟议的原始项目。这项横断面病例对照研究将检查观察到的患有焦虑症的母亲（N = 60; 30名非西班牙裔白色，30名墨西哥裔美国人）及其子女（8 - 14岁）之间的相互作用，以检查养育行为的跨文化差异（例如，控制，给予同情，批评，温暖，焦虑-建模）及其与青年心理症状和功能的关联。具体目标是（1）检查焦虑母亲的育儿行为的文化差异，（2）指定育儿行为和青少年心理健康结果之间的关联，（3）评估观察到的育儿行为和青少年症状之间关系的潜在调节因素，包括种族和儿童对育儿的看法。焦虑是美国成年人和青少年最普遍的心理健康问题。焦虑在西班牙裔人口中更为普遍，他们是美国最大和增长最快的少数民族。焦虑通过对社会关系、学业成绩和心理健康产生负面影响，干扰了青少年充分发挥成年潜力的能力。父母的行为往往牵连在青少年焦虑的发展，然而，焦虑的墨西哥裔美国人，谁把不同的文化价值观的做法，如家长控制的行为，还没有被检查。因此，本研究具有重要的理论和公共卫生意义。该项目是确定特定文化的父母行为的第一步，这些行为使青少年处于发展内化障碍的高风险之中，并可能有助于将焦虑从父母传递给孩子。它将为未来发展文化上适当的儿童焦虑预防干预措施奠定基础。公共卫生相关性：我的长期职业目标是提高对有早发性焦虑问题的青少年和家庭的干预效率，并帮助为少数民族群体定制治疗，以减少种族心理健康差异。焦虑是普遍的，令人痛苦的，致残的，它的治疗和预防将提高青年人过上健康生活的可能性，没有障碍和残疾。先前的研究表明，父母的精神病理学可能在青少年焦虑的发展和维持以及干预措施中发挥重要作用。具体的养育行为已经被牵连，然而，很少有人知道这些研究结果如何推广到其他文化群体。一个主要的未探索领域是不同文化中焦虑的母亲的潜在不同的育儿实践。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this training grant is to promote positive youth development in Latino youths by examining parenting practices that place youths at heightened risk for developing anxiety. Long-term, this will allow the candidate to tailor interventions to better serve diverse families and reduce mental health disparity. Training goals for this fellowship are to equip the candidate with (a) understanding of the interplay between family processes, culture, and youth outcome, (b) skills to develop innovative, culturally-appropriate anxiety interventions, (c) capacity to conduct rigorous investigations using sound research design and quantitative methods. These goals will be met through mentorship from leading researchers and coursework completion. The training plan will culminate in the completion of the proposed original project. This cross-sectional case-control study will examine observed interactions between mothers (N = 60; 30 Non-Hispanic White, 30 Mexican American) with an anxiety disorder diagnosis and their children (ages 8-14) to examine cross- cultural differences in parenting behaviors (e.g., control, autonomy-granting, criticism, warmth, anxiety- modeling) and their associations with youth psychological symptoms and functioning. Specific aims are to (1) examine cultural differences in observed parenting behaviors of anxious mothers, (2) specify associations between parenting behaviors and youth mental health outcomes, and (3) assess potential moderators of the relationship between observed parenting behaviors and youth symptoms, including ethnicity and child perception of parenting. Anxiety is the most prevalent mental health problem in the U.S. in adults and youths. Anxiety is more highly prevalent in Hispanic populations, who are the largest and fastest growing minority group in the U.S. Anxiety interferes with youths' abilities to reach their full adult potential by negatively impacting social relationships, school achievement, and psychological well-being. Parenting behaviors are often implicated in the development of youth anxiety; however, behaviors of anxious Mexican Americans, who place different cultural value on practices such as parental control, have not been examined. Therefore, this study is of high theoretical and public health importance. This project is an initial step toward identifying culture-specific parent behaviors that place youths at high-risk for developing internalizing disorders and that may serve to transmit anxiety from parent to child. It will lay the groundwork for future development of culturally- appropriate child anxiety preventive interventions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: My long-term career goal is to increase the efficiency of interventions for youths and families with early onset anxiety problems and to aid in the customization of treatment to ethnic minority groups to reduce racial mental health disparity. Anxiety is prevalent, distressing, and disabling, and its treatment and prevention will enhance the likelihood that youths will lead healthy lives, free from disorder and disability. Previous research indicates that parental psychopathology may play a large role in both the development and maintenance of youth anxiety, as well as for the n of interventions. Specific parenting behaviors have been implicated, however, little is known about how these findings may generalize to other cultural groups. A major unexplored area is the potentially different parenting practices of anxious mothers across cultures.