Variability and Specificity in Reactive Stabilization Movements to Diverse Slip Perturbations

项目摘要 为了随着年龄的增长保持机动性，我们必须驾驭一个对我们构成挑战的复杂环境 有一系列的骚乱。不幸的是，老年人在抵抗方面往往不成功 这些骚乱，然后倒下。跌倒是受伤的最大来源，而对于老年人来说， 与伤害相关的死亡的最大来源。大约四分之一的跌倒发生在滑倒之后。 最近对SLOPS的研究表明，利用扰动训练来提高特定运动能力 防滑技能可以极大地减少跌倒。然而，这些干预措施只是解决了 在脚跟着地时发生的滑动，而不是由一种 环境复杂。 这个项目将集中在步态周期中发生的滑步，以及反应性稳定 随之而来的运动。步态周期不同阶段的打滑具有独特的生物力学特性 背景，而成功的反应性稳定运动很可能是高度特定的 背景。然而，人们对反应稳定体系的特殊性一无所知。 运动，以抵抗不同的打滑条件。此外，反应曲目的可变性 稳定运动可能会影响抵抗这些运动的成败率 骚乱。因此，拟议项目的目标是确定变异性的作用。 以及在反应性稳定运动中的特异性，以在不同的滑动条件下抵抗跌倒。 一种用于滑动扰动的新型可穿戴设备将在早期提供逼真的、意想不到的滑动， 年轻人和老年人的中晚期姿势。基于三点的生物力学分析 反应性稳定运动的空间运动捕捉数据将产生新的 结果：保护性步进和摇臂反应的特异性和变异性。这个 中心假说是反应性的特异性增加而变异性减少 稳定走势将降低落地率。第一个具体目标是量化可变性和 对不同滑移扰动的反应反应的特异性，并确定它们与 下降的利率。第二个具体目标是确定重复暴露在不同的滑倒中 干扰会影响反应性反应，以及它是否与步态可变性有关。长期的 这项研究的目的是支持未来对反应稳定体系的研究 在复杂的环境中航行时所面临的各种干扰的移动， 并为未来的干预措施提供信息，这些干预措施的目标是随着我们年龄的增长全面抵抗跌倒。

Project Summary To maintain mobility as we age we must navigate a complex environment that challenges us with a range of disturbances. Unfortunately, older adults are often unsuccessful in resisting these disturbances, and fall. Falls are the greatest source of injury, and for older adults, the greatest source of injury-related death. Approximately a quarter of falls happen following slips. Recent research on slips has shown that use of perturbation training to improve specific motor skills to resist slips can vastly reduce falls. However, these interventions have only addressed slips occurring at heel-strike, and not the diverse range of slipping disturbances presented by a complex environment. This project will focus on slips that occur across the gait cycle, and the reactive stabilization movements that follow. Slips at different phases of the gait cycle have unique biomechanical contexts, and successful reactive stabilization movements are likely to be highly specific to that context. Yet nothing is known about the specificity of the repertoire of reactive stabilization movements to resist different slip conditions. Furthermore, variability in the repertoire of reactive stabilization movements is likely to affect the success/failure rate of resisting these disturbances. Thus, the objective of the proposed project is to determine the roles of variability and specificity in reactive stabilization movements to resist falling in diverse slipping conditions. A novel wearable apparatus for slip perturbations will deliver lifelike, unexpected slips in early, middle and late stance in younger and older adults. Biomechanical analysis based on three- dimensional motion capture data of the reactive stabilization movements will generate novel results on the specificity and variability of protective stepping and arm swinging responses. The central hypothesis is that increases in specificity and decreases in variability of reactive stabilization movements will reduce fall rates. The first specific aim is to quantify variability and specificity of reactive responses to diverse slip perturbations and determine their relationships to fall rates. The second specific aim is to determine how repeated exposure to diverse slip perturbations affects reactive responses, and whether it relates to gait variability. The long-term objective of this research is to support future studies into the repertoire of reactive stabilization movements across the full range of disturbances faced in navigating a complex environment, and to inform future interventions that target a comprehensive resistance to falls as we age.