29 Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging

项目摘要/摘要 放射肿瘤学和癌症成像计划(ROCIP)是在美国癌症协会的建议下创建的 CCSG外部咨询委员会，并将先前的放射肿瘤学物理和生物学计划与 诊断成像。中华总工会现有会员74人(主要56人，副会长18人)，由艾伯特博士领导。 Kong和David Piwnica-蠕虫与陈俊杰博士共同领导。孔博士是一位内科科学家， 在低氧和未折叠蛋白反应方面的专业知识是立体定向消融术的先驱 胰腺癌的放射治疗。皮维尼卡-沃姆斯博士是分子成像领域的思想领袖。陈医生是一位 DNA修复方面的国际权威。放射肿瘤学(RO)和肿瘤成像(CI)构成了 多学科努力，强调诊断、分期、治疗和评估对多模式的反应 心理治疗。CI的重点是开发新的成像模式，以帮助优化临床决策。重点放在 RO将开发先进的放射治疗技术，最大限度地增加治愈的机会，同时限制 与治疗相关的毒性。ROCIP围绕四个主要主题组织：(1)DNA修复；(2)成像 反应和毒性的生物标志物；(3)免疫放射治疗；和(4)成像和辐射 有效性。每个主题都有一个特定的目标。目标1：确定肿瘤特有的脆弱性 可用于影像引导放射治疗的DNA修复途径；目标2：开发新的成像技术 预测放疗和化疗反应的技术。目标3：制定辐射方面的战略 加强免疫治疗效果并实时显示这些效果的科学；目标4： 开发先进的个性化成像，以增强光子和质子放射治疗的有效性。这个 ROCIP的年度直接同行评审资金总额为1090万美元，其中690万美元(63%)来自NCI。该计划 发表了1602篇论文，其中582篇(36%)是方案内论文，782篇(49%)是方案间论文，以及 978人(61%)有一个或多个外部合作者。27%的文章发表在期刊上 IF&GT；5%和7%在IF&GT；10的期刊上，包括自然，N Engl J Med，JAMA，Proc Natl Acad Sci USA，以及 柳叶刀。计划成员共同使用了所有14个CCSG共享资源。著名的科学研究 取得的成就包括识别影响DNA双链断裂的关键途径和影响 PARP抑制；发现禁食通过增强肠道隐窝细胞的DNA修复来消除毒性 化疗；发现WNT信号通路和DNA修复通路在肿瘤发生中的趋同； 确定放射治疗和免疫治疗的最佳组合；确定新的质子治疗试验 质子治疗在多种癌症中的作用；随着临床的引入，代谢成像的扩展 磁共振超极化；识别心脏和肺的辐射剂量分布 会影响肺癌患者的存活率和正常组织并发症。这些发现的广度 说明了该计划对科学界作出贡献的重要性。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging Program (ROCIP) has been created at the recommendation of the CCSG External Advisory Board and merges the previous Radiation Oncology Physics and Biology Program with Diagnostic Imaging. The ROCIP now has 74 members (56 primary, 18 associate) and is led by Drs. Albert Koong and David Piwnica-Worms with Dr. Junjie Chen as co-leader. Dr. Koong is a physician-scientist with expertise in hypoxia and the unfolded protein response who pioneered the use of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Dr. Piwnica-Worms is a thought-leader in molecular imaging. Dr. Chen is an international authority in DNA repair. Radiation Oncology (RO) and Cancer Imaging (CI) constitute a multidisciplinary effort, emphasizing diagnosis, staging, treatment, and assessing response to multimodality therapy. The focus of CI is to develop novel imaging modalities to help optimize clinical decisions. The focus in RO is to develop advanced radiation therapy techniques that maximize the opportunity for cure while limiting treatment-related toxicity. The ROCIP is organized around four major themes: (1) DNA Repair; (2) Imaging Biomarkers of Response and Toxicity, (3) Immuno-Radiation Therapy; and (4) Imaging and Radiation Effectiveness. Each theme is addressed by a specific aim. Aim 1: To Identify tumor-specific vulnerabilities in DNA repair pathways that can be exploited for image-guided radiation therapy; Aim 2: To develop novel imaging techniques that predict response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Aim 3: To develop strategies in radiation sciences that potentiate the effects of immunotherapy and to visualize those effects in real time; and Aim 4: To develop advanced personalized imaging to enhance the effectiveness of photon and proton radiotherapy. The ROCIP's annual direct peer-reviewed funding totals $10.9M, of which $6.9M (63%) is from NCI. The program has published 1602 papers, of which 582 (36%) are intra-programmatic, 782 (49%) are inter-programmatic, and 978 (61%) have one or more external collaborators. Twenty-seven percent of articles were published in journals with IF >5 and 7% in journals with IF >10, including Nature, N Engl J Med, JAMA, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, and Lancet Oncol. Program members have collectively used all 14 CCSG shared resources. Notable scientific accomplishments include identification of key pathways influencing DNA double-strand breakage and affecting PARP inhibition; discovery that fasting abrogates toxicity by enhancing DNA repair in intestinal crypt cells after chemoradiation; discovery of convergence between WNT signaling and DNA repair pathways in oncogenesis; identification of optimal combinations of radiotherapy and immunotherapy; novel proton therapy trials to define the role of proton therapy in various cancers; expansion of metabolic imaging with the introduction of clinical magnetic resonance hyperpolarization; and identification of radiation dose distributions to the heart and lungs that affect survival and normal tissue complications in patients with lung cancer. The breadth of these discoveries illustrates the importance of the Program's contributions to the scientific community.