Cigarette packaging: design, cognition, and consumer choices

项目总结/摘要 烟草产品历来受到的管制相对较少，仍然是导致吸烟的主要原因。 癌根据2009年《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》（FSPTCA），食品和药物管理局（FDA） 美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）必须评估受监管烟草产品包装的变化对烟草产品的影响 人口健康。因此，如果产品的标签发生变化，使其与以前的产品不同， 需要进行上市前审查。然而，美国监管机构几乎没有证据表明， 关于什么构成新产品以及对包的哪些更改将很重要的上下文。公共卫生 监管机构在面临行业越来越多的审查时，司法尊重程度不断下降， 强大的科学基础对于推进FDA的使命至关重要。这项研究首先调查了美国。 使用在线、同步焦点小组，成年吸烟者对香烟包装变化的看法。的 这些小组的研究结果为两个实验目标提供了信息，这两个实验目标是在不同的美国成年吸烟者小组中进行的。 首先，采用平衡不完全区组设计（BIBD）和多维标度评估哪些变化 在定性目标中确定的包装标签与眼中的新产品、独特产品最相关 吸烟者。在第二种情况下，使用BIBD评估这些标签变化对认知和 消费者行为的情感决定因素。这个项目使用了产品设计的概念模型 将视觉包装变化与消费者行为联系起来的文献。这项研究的意义是 重要的是与上市前审查相关的科学证据。这项研究的最终目的是提供 科学证据基础，以预防癌症和烟草相关疾病，残疾和死亡。

Project Summary/Abstract Tobacco products have been subject to relatively little regulation historically and remain a leading cause of cancer. Under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 (FSPTCA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to assess changes to regulated tobacco product packaging for impacts on population health. Thus, a product with a labeling change that makes it distinct from previous products is required to undergo a pre-market review process. There is little evidence, however, from the U.S. regulatory context about what constitutes a new product and which changes to a pack would matter. As public health regulators receive decreasing judicial deference while facing increased scrutiny from industry, regulations with a strong scientific foundation are critical to advance the FDA's mission. This research first investigates U.S. adult smoker perceptions of cigarette packaging changes using online, synchronous focus groups. The findings of these groups inform two experimental aims conducted with separate groups of U.S. adult smokers. In the first, a balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) and multidimensional scaling assess which changes to pack labeling identified in the qualitative aim are most associated with being a new, distinct product in the eyes of smokers. In the second, a BIBD is used to assess the influence of these labeling changes on cognitive and affective determinants of consumer behavior. This project uses a conceptual model from the product design literature that links visual packaging changes to consumer behavior. The implications of this research are important to the scientific evidence related to pre-market review. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide a scientific evidence base to prevent cancers and tobacco-related disease, disability, and death.