Cortical organization of action knowledge before and after brain surgery

 描述(由申请人提供)：根据物体的功能(例如，叉子、锤子、铅笔)识别和使用物体的能力需要在颞叶、枕叶和顶叶皮质的多个大脑区域进行协调处理。已知左侧顶叶的区域支持对象定向动作的关键方面，如抓取和对象操纵。它是 已知，影响左侧顶叶的中风损害会导致根据物体的功能正确操纵物体的能力受损。然而，目前尚不清楚在切除脑肿瘤的神经外科手术过程中，在顶区引入的皮质损伤是否会导致相同类型的行动障碍。本研究活动的中心临床目标是开展基础性研究，以确定切除顶叶皮质切除脑肿瘤是否会导致神经心理行为知识的损害，以及术前功能磁共振成像(FMRI)是否为减轻这种损害提供有用的信息。这项研究活动还结合了神经外科患者在手术前和手术后收集的功能磁共振成像和行为测量，以得出关于行动知识在人脑中如何组织和处理的因果推断。这项研究活动的中心科学目标是测试一个神经认知模型，该模型关于动作信息在顶叶皮质是如何呈现的，以及它是如何从视觉输入中获得的。测试的具体假设包括：顶叶小叶的动作表征如何在在线加工中相互作用(目标1)，物体的视觉加工如何与顶叶动作表征沟通(目标2)，以及动作信息如何存储在顶叶皮质(目标3)。这项研究计划服务于两个大目标。首先，它将向神经外科医生产生一种关于患者结果的新型反馈，这将为未来脑肿瘤切除的手术计划提供信息。重要的是，我们不仅确定动作障碍是否与顶叶皮质切除术相关，而且还测试了一种特定的术前功能磁共振成像方案的有效性，以指导手术切除并降低手术后致残动作障碍的可能性。其次，测试了关于对象定向动作知识的神经组织的假设，并得出了支持我们根据对象的功能识别和操纵对象的大脑过程的因果推断。这些研究的结果对于了解顶叶活动系统如何从皮质损伤(例如中风、脑外伤)中恢复有意义。此外，研究对象定向动作的限制性区域，它具有良好的神经基础，将促进我们对大脑损伤如何改变更广泛的网络中的功能，以及网络功能如何与行为相关的总体理解。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to recognize and use objects according to their function (e.g., fork, hammer, pencil) requires coordinated processing across multiple brain regions in temporal, occipital and parietal cortex. Regions in the left parietal lobule are known t support critical aspects of object-directed action, such as grasping and object manipulation. It is known that stroke lesions affecting the left parietal lobule can cause impairments to the ability t manipulate objects correctly according to their function. However, it is not known whether cortical lesions introduced in parietal areas during neurosurgical procedures to remove brain tumors lead to the same types of action impairments. The central clinical goal of this research activity is to carry out the foundational study to determine whether or not corticectomy of parieta cortex to remove brain tumors causes neuropsychological impairments for action knowledge, and whether presurgical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides useful information for mitigating such impairments. The research activity also uses a combination of fMRI and behavioral measures in neurosurgery patients, collected before and after their surgery, to draw causal inferences about how action knowledge is organized and processed in the human brain. The central scientific goal of this research activity is to test a neurocognitive model about how action information is represented in parietal cortex and how it is accessed from visual input. Specific hypotheses are tested about how action representations in the parietal lobule interact in online processing (Aim#1), how visual processing of an object is communicated to parietal action representations (Aim#2), and how action information is stored in parietal cortex (Aim#3). This research program serves two broad goals. First, it will generate a new type of feedback about patient outcome to neurosurgeons that will inform future surgical planning for resection of brain tumors. Importantly, we not only determine whether action impairments are associated with parietal corticectomy, but also test the efficacy of a specific presurgical fMRI protocol for guiding the surgical resection and mitigating the likelihood of disabling action impairments after surgery. Second, hypotheses about the neural organization of object-directed action knowledge are tested, and causal inferences are drawn about the brain processes that support our ability to recognize and manipulate objects according to their function. The results of these investigations have implications for understanding how parietal action systems recover from cortical damage generally (e.g., stroke, TBI). In addition, studying the restricted domain of object- directed action, which has well-established neural substrates, will advance our general understanding of how a brain lesion alters functioning within a broader network, and how network function relates to behavior.