Retrovirus Structure and Assembly with Inositol Phosphates

项目摘要 将Gag组装成未成熟的病毒颗粒是病毒生命周期中的关键步骤。组装后， 未成熟的病毒颗粒经历了一个称为成熟的过程，这是产生传染性病毒所必需的 粒子。我们最近发现，细胞内的小分子--六氢肌醇磷酸(IP6)是 组装和成熟，细胞中IP6水平的降低严重减少了 传染性病毒。虽然我们知道对IP6如何影响艾滋病毒有一个“大图景”的观点，但我们仍然有很多 我不明白。这项建议试图表征IP6诱导的未成熟组装的机制，如何 IP6促进成熟的组装，如果这些组装步骤可以被抗逆转录病毒药物靶向。此外， 初步工作表明，IP6是其他逆转录病毒的辅助因子，因此这项提议将测试 假设IP6作为逆转录病毒辅助因子在进化上是保守的。具体目标1是进一步 描述IP6如何结合和促进HIV-1的组装和成熟。高分辨率低温电子显微镜分析 将在含有和不含有已知细胞蛋白的IP6组装的成熟病毒样颗粒上进行 与细胞中的病毒核心结合。成熟抑制药贝维利玛和PF-46396与血管内皮细胞结合的作用 与IP6相同的区域，对IP6的结合和增强组装将使用一系列生化方法来确定 化验。此外，这一目标将检验IP6被其他慢病毒利用的假设。例如, 初步数据表明，马传染性贫血病毒也使用IP6来生产 传染性病毒。具体目标2是确定IP6是否以及如何被体外的逆转录病毒利用 慢病毒属。初步数据显示，阿尔法逆转录病毒劳斯肉瘤病毒(RSV)和三角洲病毒 逆转录病毒人T细胞白血病病毒(HTLV)均利用IP6。我们将确定IP6在这两个平台上的操作地点 使用生化和结构方法的病毒。我们还将从其他逆转录病毒中筛选病毒 以确定它们是否也利用IP6。具体目标3是确定是否以及如何与IP6相关的化合物 影响HIV-1的未成熟组装、成熟组装和成熟组装。与合作伙伴合作，我们将 在组装和成熟度实验中合成和筛选IP6类化合物。这一目标将有助于确定 如果以IP6结合位点为靶点的化合物是可行的抗逆转录病毒策略。

Project Summary Assembly of Gag into an immature virus particle is a critical step in the viral life cycle. After assembly the immature virus particle goes through a process called maturation which is required to produce infectious virus particles. We recently showed that the small cellular molecule, inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is required for both assembly and maturation, and that decreasing IP6 levels in cells severely reduces the formation of infectious virus. While we know have a “big picture” view of how IP6 affects HIV, there is still a great deal we don’t understand. This proposal seeks to characterize the mechanism of IP6 induced immature assembly, how IP6 promotes mature assembly, and if these assembly steps can be targeted by antiretrovirals. Furthermore, preliminary work suggests that IP6 is a cofactor for other retroviruses, and so this proposal will test the hypothesis that IP6 as a retroviral cofactor is evolutionarily conserved. Specific Aim 1 is to further characterize how IP6 binds and promotes HIV-1 assembly and maturation. High resolution cryo-EM analysis will be performed on IP6 assembled mature virus-like particles with and without cellular proteins that are known to bind to the viral core in cells. The effect of maturation inhibitors Bevirimat and PF-46396, which bind to the same region as IP6, on IP6 binding and enhanced assembly will be determined using a series of biochemical assays. In addition, this aim will test the hypothesis that IP6 is utilized by other lentiviruses. For example, preliminary data suggest that the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus also employs IP6 for the production of infectious virus. Specific Aim 2 is to determine if and how IP6 is utilized by retroviruses outside of the lentivirus genus. Preliminary data shows that the alpha retrovirus Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), and the delta retrovirus Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) both utilize IP6. We will identify the site of IP6 action on both viruses using biochemical and structural approaches. We will also screen viruses from the other retroviral genera to determine if they also utilize IP6. Specific Aim 3 is to determine if and how IP6 related compounds affect HIV-1 immature assembly, maturation, and mature assembly. Working with a collaborator, we will synthesize and screen IP6-like compounds in assembly and maturation assays. This aim will help to determine if compounds that target the IP6 binding site are a feasible antiretroviral strategy.