Investigating mediated effects of near-roadway air pollution exposure on obesity and obesity-related behavior through executive cognitive function during peripuberty

 描述（由申请人提供）：执行认知功能（ECF）是指促进目标导向的心理现象（如选择性注意力、自我控制和复杂问题解决）的一组认知过程，主要局限于前额叶皮层。ECF是多种肥胖相关健康行为的重要预测因子，如高热量/低营养食物摄入，久坐行为和体力活动，并已多次与儿童肥胖结局相关。来自整个生命周期的独立证据越来越多地表明，近路空气污染（NRAP）可能既具有神经毒性，又与儿童肥胖的发展有关。尽管已经提出了多种途径来解释NRAP和儿童肥胖之间的联系，但迄今为止很少有工作探索ECF在介导肥胖相关行为和肥胖之间的关系中可能发挥的作用。为了调查儿童暴露于NRAP与儿童肥胖结局和肥胖相关行为之间的纵向关系，由ECF介导，该提案将利用来自多个NIH资助研究的现有资源。具体来说，我们建议分配NRAP暴露于一个大的队列的儿童谁一直遵循纵向路径健康（路径）数据集，使用CALINE 4源分散模型开发的南加州儿童健康研究的住宅和学校地址。线性混合效应模型，然后将被用来检查功能性神经认知缺陷和空气污染暴露的路径从第四到第六级之间的纵向关联-证据表明构成了前额叶皮层脆弱性的关键时期。最后，将利用多层次结构方程模型方法来确定空气污染暴露与两种肥胖结果之间的关系（体重指数百分位数和腰围）和肥胖相关行为（例如久坐行为、体力活动、高热量/低营养食物摄入和水果/蔬菜摄入）由ECF变化介导，调整关键协变量，包括参与者的压力感知、吸烟史和睡眠模式。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Executive cognitive function (ECF) refers to a cluster of cognitive processes that facilitate goal-directed mental phenomena such as selective attention, self-control, and complex problem solving and is largely localized to the prefrontal cortex. ECF is an important predictor of multiple obesity-related health behaviors such as high calorie/low nutrient food intake, sedentary behavior, and physical activity, and has been repeatedly linked to childhood obesity outcomes. Independent lines of evidence from across the lifespan increasingly suggest that near-roadway air pollution (NRAP) may be both neurotoxic and linked to the development of childhood obesity. Though multiple pathways have been proposed to explain the link between NRAP and childhood obesity, little work to date has explored the role ECF may play in mediating the relationship to obesity-related behaviors and obesity. To investigate longitudinal relationships between children's exposure to NRAP and both childhood obesity outcomes and obesity-related behavior, mediated by ECF, this proposal will leverage pre-existing resources from multiple NIH-funded studies. Specifically, we propose to assign NRAP exposures to residential and school addresses of a large cohort of children who have been followed longitudinally in the Pathways to Health (Pathways) dataset, using CALINE4 source dispersion models developed for the Southern California Children's Health Study. Linear mixed effects models will then be utilized to examine longitudinal associations between functional neurocognitive deficits and air pollution exposure in Pathways from 4th through 6th grade- which evidence suggests constitutes a critical period of prefrontal cortical vulnerability. Finally, a multilevel structural equation modeling approach will be utilized to determine to what degree the relationship between air pollution exposure and two obesity outcomes (body mass index percentile and waist circumference) and obesity-related behaviors (e.g. sedentary behavior, physical activity, high-calorie/low-nutrient food consumption and fruit/vegetable consumption) is mediated by ECF changes, adjusting for key covariates, including participants' perceived stress, smoking history and sleep patterns.