Investigating the Interaction Between Fatigue States and Reward-Driven Attention

项目摘要 基于奖励的学习可以对行为产生巨大的影响。学习将特定的刺激与 有奖励的环境可以帮助引导我们注意潜在的奖励结果。但这 当与奖励相关的刺激分散我们对任务相关信息的注意力时，也会付出代价。的费用 奖励驱动的分心包括对健康的风险。奖励学习与成瘾有关， 我认为奖励学习会造成对成瘾物质的长期持续的注意力偏差 以及与该物质相关的环境线索。抵制奖励驱动的能源成本 行为以及疲劳程度可能会影响抵抗的动机。有可能在 在疲劳条件下，抵抗的能量成本将更高，因此抵抗的动机降低。 甚至有人认为，疲劳是成瘾复发的“普遍危险因素”，但这 这一假设尚未得到直接检验，疲劳之间预测关系的机制 并且没有发现复发。我们认为，疲劳通过加重自动性的 奖励相关线索引起的注意捕获，而疲劳更容易促进奖励驱动的捕获 一般来说，在成瘾的背景下。然而，目前还没有证据表明，无论是在人类还是动物中， 疲劳如何影响通过奖励学习的行为。我们将测试三个具体的假设：1） 身体疲劳加剧了先前与奖励相关的视觉特征的持续注意力捕获; 2） 身体疲劳会通过损害视觉刺激，加剧与奖励相关的视觉特征引起的持续性注意捕获。 认知控制;和3）身体疲劳独特地加剧了奖励相关的注意力捕获 功能.这项工作涉及整合我们实验室两条不同的基础研究路线，一条是关于奖励的- 一个是注意力驱动，一个是身体疲劳。我们将使用行为表现，脑电图功能磁共振成像，和切割- 边缘多变量分析工具，以阐明奖励驱动的注意力的神经机制， 受疲劳状态调节。这项拟议中的工作将提供证据，证明身体疲劳是唯一 调节奖励学习对行为的持续影响，这种影响是由于减少 认知控制这项工作将是第一个表明，一个人的状态调节奖励驱动 注意力捕捉这一见解有助于我们理解的基本机制， 奖励学习对注意力的影响，以及减轻奖励驱动的代价高昂的影响的方法。 捕获.

Project Summary Reward based learning can have a dramatic impact on behavior. Learning to associate particular stimuli in the environment with reward can help guide our attention to potentially rewarding outcomes. However, this can also be costly when reward associated stimuli distract us from task-relevant information. The costs of reward-driven distraction include risks to health. Reward learning has been implicated in addiction where it is thought that reward learning creates long-term persistent attention biases towards the substance of addiction and the environmental cues associated with that substance. The energy cost of resisting reward-driven behaviors, as well as the degree of fatigue, may affect the motivation to resist. It is possible that under conditions of fatigue the energy cost of resisting would be higher and thus the motivation to resist is reduced. It has even been suggested that fatigue is a “universal risk factor” for relapse in addictions, but this hypothesis has not been tested directly, and the mechanism for the predictive relationship between fatigue and relapse has not been identified. We propose that fatigue facilitates relapse by exacerbating automatic attention capture by reward-associated cues, and that reward-driven capture is facilitated by fatigue more generally, outside the context of addiction. However, there is yet no evidence, either in humans or animal models, of how fatigue affects behaviors learned via reward. We will test three specific hypotheses: 1) Physical fatigue exacerbates persistent attention capture by formerly reward-associated visual features; 2) Physical fatigue exacerbates persistent attention capture by reward-associated visual features by impairing cognitive control; and 3) Physical fatigue uniquely exacerbates attention capture by reward-associated features. This work involves integrating two different lines of basic research from our lab, one on reward- driven attention and one on physical fatigue. We will use behavioral performance, EEG-fMRI, and cutting- edge multivariate analytical tools to elucidate the neural mechanisms of reward-driven attention that are modulated by fatigue states. The proposed work would provide evidence that physical fatigue uniquely modulates the persistent effects of reward learning on behavior, and that this effect is due to decreased cognitive control. This work would be the first to show that the state of an individual modulates reward-driven attention capture. This insight contributes to our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms for the effects of reward learning on attention, as well as to ways to mitigate the costly effects of reward-driven capture.