Communicating the Health Risks of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

项目总结 肥胖是美国最紧迫的公共健康问题之一，也是含糖饮料(SSB) 是成人和儿童肥胖的重要因素。为了试图减少SSB的摄入量，法案已经 在美国各州和城市推出，在SSB容器和/或广告上贴上健康警告标签。 然而，关于这类标签如何影响消费者的实证数据很少。关于烟草和烟草的研究 营养标签表明，标签可以对行为产生积极影响，但标签设计很重要。初级阶段 这项建议的目的是在大规模实施之前确定SSB警告标签的程度 增加消费者对SSB潜在健康危害的认识，减少SSB的摄入量。这些研究 旨在回答另外三个问题：1)某些警告标签是否比其他标签更有效？2)什么 警告标签的效果会随着时间的推移而变化吗？3)如果警告标签影响行为，是因为它们增加了 知识，还是仅仅是一个突出的提醒，一些饮料不太健康？ 我们的第一个研究目的是比较SSB警告标签对父母SSB相关信念和 购买意向。我们将招募具有全国代表性的1000名不同种族和民族的样本 12岁以下儿童的父母参加一项随机的、对照的在线实验 家长们将在虚拟便利店购物。家长将被随机分成4种不同的方法之一 标签：1)卡路里标签(对照)；2)文字警告标签(例如：警告：饮用添加糖的饮料 会导致肥胖、糖尿病和龋齿)；3)显示糖分含量的图形警告标签 饮料；或4)显示与以下物质相关的负面健康后果的图形警告标签 SSB的过度消费。第二个目的是测试警告标签对购买的总千卡路里的影响 供父母和孩子食用。我们将招募405对不同种族和民族的亲子对来 参与一项基于实验室的随机对照饮食行为研究，该研究将捕获饮料和零食 从零食店购买，并测量参与者在观看电视节目时消费了多少。 参与者将被随机分为三种情况之一：1)卡路里标签(对照组)；2)文字警告标签；或3)图形 警告标签显示糖分的含量或基于最有效的有害健康后果 研究一中的标签策略。第三个目的是测试反复接触警告标签对总人数的影响 随着时间的推移购买的千卡路里，并评估知识或显著更好地解释标签效应。在这 研究中，我们将招募450名不同种族和民族的父母参加随机、对照的 实验包括通过在线商店运送参与者购买为期六周的零食和饮料 他们买的东西。参与者将被随机分配到三种标签条件中的一种 第二项研究。标签将在最后两周内被移除，以确定教育或突出 对驾驶行为的改变起着更大的作用。

PROJECT SUMMARY Obesity is one of the nation’s most pressing public health concerns and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a significant contributor to adult and childhood obesity. To try to reduce SSB intake, bills have been introduced in U.S. states and cities to place health warning labels on SSB containers and/or advertisements. However, there is little empirical data on how such labels influence consumers. Research on tobacco and nutrition labels suggests labels can positively impact behavior, but the label design matters. The primary objective of this proposal is to determine, before wide-scale implementation, to what degree SSB warning labels increase consumers’ knowledge about the potential health harms of SSBs and reduce SSB intake. The studies are designed to answer three additional questions: 1) Do some warning labels work better than others? 2) What is the effect of warning labels over time? 3) If warning labels influence behavior, is it because they increase knowledge or simply provide a salient reminder that some drinks are less healthy? Our first study aim is to compare the effects of SSB warning labels on parents’ SSB-related beliefs and purchase intentions. We will recruit a nationally representative sample of 1,000 racially and ethnically diverse parents of a child under 12 years old to participate in a randomized, controlled online experiment during which parents will shop in a virtual convenience store. Parents will be randomized to 1 of 4 different approaches to labeling: 1) calorie labels (control); 2) text warning labels (e.g. warning: drinking beverages with added sugars contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay); 3) graphic warning labels displaying amounts of sugar in beverages; or 4) graphic warning labels displaying negative health consequences associated with overconsumption of SSBs. The second aim is to test the effect of warning labels on total kilocalories purchased and consumed by parents and children. We will recruit 405 racially and ethnically diverse parent-child pairs to participate in a randomized, controlled lab-based eating behavior study that will capture beverage and snack purchases from a snack shop and measure how much participants consume while watching a television show. Participants will be randomized to 1 of 3 conditions: 1) calorie labels (control); 2) text warning labels; or 3) graphic warning labels displaying either amounts of sugar or negative health consequences based on the most effective labeling strategy in study one. The third aim is to test the effect of repeated exposure to warning labels on total kilocalories purchased over time and assess whether knowledge or salience better explain label effects. In this study, we will recruit 450 racially and ethnically diverse parents to participate in a randomized, controlled experiment that involves buying snacks and beverages for six weeks via an online store that ships participants their purchases. Participants will be randomized to one of the same three label conditions described for the second study. Labels will be removed during the last two weeks to determine whether education or salience plays a greater role in driving behavior change.