Examining emotion regulation processes in social anxiety from an interpersonal and observational perspective

项目摘要/摘要 社交焦虑症(即社交恐惧症)是最常见和最令人衰弱的精神障碍之一， 据估计，终生患病率约为13%，发病高峰在成年早期。其特点是 对社交或绩效状况的过度和持续恐惧，社交焦虑(SA)即使在 亚阈值形成并最好地概念化为一系列症状和损害。理论上的 SA的模型和实证研究集中在病因学和流行病学中的几个关键个体水平因素 SA的维持(例如，对社交环境的焦虑唤醒和焦虑理解)。然而， 尽管SA与生俱来的人际关系性质，但人们对发生在SA中的过程的关注有限 可以塑造SA的人际互动(例如，朋友如何利用彼此的互动来调节 他们自己和对方的社交焦虑？)为了解决这一差距，当前的总体目标是 研究旨在描绘在人际环境中预测SA的过程。我们的中心假设是 情绪调节过程发生在社会互动中(即，个人和他们的朋友 情绪调节过程；例如，共同思考、压抑、重新评估)将预测SA的指标 在实验室和日常生活中。为了检验我们的假设，我们将招募140个表现出一系列SA的朋友二人组 症状(至少40%达到SA障碍阈值)。在实验室里，每个人都会发现他们最 有压力的持续问题，涉及友谊之外和无关的人，然后有一个 一个人公开他们的问题以供讨论的谈话。我们将全面评估 在讨论中使用的情绪调节策略使用自我和伙伴报告和行为 观察。接下来，每个二元组成员将接受标准化的社会威胁表现任务，并 将测量事件前和事件后的并元过程。之后，参与者将完成为期14天的 个体和人际情绪调节与自然发生的内化症状的评估 在日常生活中。SA的指标将根据数据驱动模型进行评估，并与NIMH的RDoC保持一致 构成急性和潜在威胁，包括心血管(外周阻力)和神经内分泌 标志物(唾液皮质醇)、行为规范(例如，在公开演讲任务中的表现)和自我报告(例如， 遇险)。SA的主要指标包括自我报告的痛苦和状态焦虑。来自当前的调查结果 研究将建立在现有SA理论模型的基础上，这是为开发奠定基础的关键 有效的SA干预。当前工作的中心意义和创新之处在于审视 通过直接检查密切关系之间的二元交互作用，可能正在塑造SA的人际机制 其他。这项研究将推动NIMH支持和进行精神疾病研究的使命，并通过 采用基础科学方法。最后，根据R15供资机制，该项目将提供 在精神病理学、二元过程和心理生理学方面有丰富研究经验的学生。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Social anxiety disorder (i.e., social phobia) is one of the most common and debilitating psychiatric disorders, with lifetime prevalence estimates around 13% and onset peaking in early adulthood. Characterized by excessive and persistent fear of social or performance situations, social anxiety (SA) is detrimental even in subthreshold forms and is best conceptualized as a spectrum of symptoms and impairment. Theoretical models and empirical research on SA converge on several key individual-level factors in the etiology and maintenance of SA (e.g., anxious arousal and anxious apprehension regarding social contexts). However, despite the inherent interpersonal nature of SA, there is limited focus on the processes that occur within interpersonal interactions that can shape SA (e.g., how do friends use interactions with each other to regulate their own and each other's social anxiety?). To address this gap, the overarching objective of the current research is to delineate the processes within an interpersonal context that predict SA. Our central hypothesis is that emotion emotion regulation processes occurring in social interactions (i.e., individuals' and their friends' emotion regulation processes; e.g., co-rumination, suppression, reappraisal) will predict indicators of SA both in the lab and daily life. To test our hypothesis, we will recruit 140 friend dyads exhibiting a range of SA symptoms (with at least 40% meeting SA disorder threshold). In the lab, individuals will identify their most stressful ongoing problem that involves someone outside of and unrelated to the friendship and then have a conversation where one person discloses their problem for discussion. We will comprehensively assess emotion regulation strategies used during the discussion using self- and partner-reports and behavioral observations. Next, each member of the dyad will undergo a standardized social threat performance task and dyadic pre- and post-event processes will be measured. After, participants will complete 14-day diaries for the assessment of individual and interpersonal emotion regulation and naturally occurring internalizing symptoms in daily life. Indicators of SA will be assessed consistent with data-driven models and in line with NIMH's RDoC constructs of acute and potential threat, including cardiovascular (peripheral resistance) and neuroendocrine markers (salivary cortisol), behavioral codes (e.g., performance in public speaking task), and self-reports (e.g., distress). Primary indicators of SA include self-reported distress and state anxiety. Findings from the current study will build upon existing theoretical models of SA, which is crucial to laying the groundwork for developing effective SA interventions. The central significance and innovation of the current work is to examine the interpersonal mechanisms that may be shaping SA by directly examining dyadic interactions among close others. This research will advance NIMH's mission to support and conduct research on mental illnesses and by adopting a basic science approach. Finally, in line with the R15 funding mechanism, this project will provide students with significant research experience in in psychopathology, dyadic processes, and psychophysiology.