Enhanced Mitochondrial Function to Increase Effectiveness of Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

该项目的长期目标是确定中风后有效的新疗法。 已经发生了刺激认知和运动功能的恢复。卒中所致功能障碍 是神经元损伤和死亡的结果，线粒体功能障碍与这些 流程。目前，治疗中风的药物治疗仅限于TPA，必须给予TPA 在中风后6小时内。这个窗口太短，TPA有很大的副作用。此外, 需要的治疗不仅是治疗中风引起的细胞功能障碍的初期阶段 而且还会促进慢性期的功能恢复，产生持久的效益。 我们的初步研究表明，线粒体功能障碍发生在自体病变的皮质和 实验性局灶性感觉运动皮质(SMC)缺血性卒中后纹状体 在第一周。因此，我们提出增加线粒体的治疗方法 生物发生学(MB)将促进成年和老年小鼠中风的康复。作为我们的一部分 药物发现计划，以确定诱导甲基溴的化学物质，福莫特罗，一种特定的长效 β2肾上腺素能受体(β2AR)激动剂。福莫特罗是FDA批准的药物，用于 治疗哮喘。初步研究表明，福莫特罗在幼稚动物中诱导了MB。 此外，我们的初步研究表明，福莫特罗在中风后24小时给药。 改善了六天后前肢运动的恢复。最后，初步研究表明， 福莫特罗每日给药，从实验性中风后24小时开始，每天持续给药 在15天的前肢康复治疗(RT)中，前肢运动恢复得到改善 与使用或不使用RT的车辆管理相比。更具体地说，我们假设 中风后用福莫特罗刺激MB将1)改善中风后早期的线粒体功能 中风，从而减少运动障碍和2)在RT期间将通过以下方式提高RT的疗效 支持经验依赖的成年和老年小鼠神经元重塑和修复。我们 假设福莫特罗和RT联合治疗老年卒中最有益 动物。 具体目标1：阐明福莫特罗诱导MB、恢复MF和 改善成年和老年小鼠实验性中风后的行为结果。 具体目标2：确定福莫特罗和前肢康复训练的疗效 (RT)实验性卒中后增强MF、MB、结构可塑性和 成年小鼠的行为结果。 具体目标3.确定福莫特罗和前肢康复训练的疗效 (RT)实验性卒中后增强MF、MB、结构可塑性和 老龄小鼠的行为结果。 这些研究的成功完成将为剂量、时机和 福莫特罗诱导卒中后康复的持久性及其可能的机制 这些发现，为康复训练辅助治疗提供了新的靶点。自.以来 福莫特罗已经是FDA批准的药物，成功完成这些研究可能 迅速导致对年轻和老年人类中风幸存者的转化性临床试验。

The long-term goal of this project is to identify new therapeutics that are effective after a stroke has occurred to stimulate recovery of cognitive and motor function. Stroke-induced dysfunction is the result of neuronal injury and death, and mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in these processes. Currently, drug therapy to treat stroke is limited to TPA, which must be administered within 6h of a stroke. This window is too short and TPA has significant side effects. In addition, therapies are needed that not only treat the initial phase of stroke induced cellular dysfunction but also will enhance the chronic phase recovery of function and produce enduring benefits. Our preliminary studies revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction occurred in ipsilesion cortex and striatum following experimental focal sensorimotor cortex (SMC) ischemic stroke and persisted over the first week. Consequently, we propose that therapeutics that increase mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) will promote recovery from stroke in both adult and aged mice. As part of our drug discovery program to identify chemicals that induce MB, formoterol, a specific long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist, was identified. Formoterol is an FDA-approved drug to treat asthma. Preliminary studies demonstrated that formoterol induced MB in naïve animals. Additionally, our preliminary studies revealed that formoterol administered 24h after stroke improved forelimb motor recovery after six days. Finally, preliminary studies demonstrated that daily formoterol administration, beginning 24h after experimental stroke and continuing daily during forelimb rehabilitative treatment (RT) for 15 days, improved forelimb motor recovery compared to vehicle administration with or without RT. More specifically, we hypothesize that stimulating MB with formoterol after stroke will 1) improve mitochondrial function early after stroke, thus decreasing motor impairments and 2) during RT will improve the efficacy of RT by supporting experience-dependent neuronal remodeling and repair in adult and aged mice. We hypothesize that the combination of formoterol and RT will be most beneficial in aged stroke animals. Specific Aim 1: Elucidate the optimal formoterol dose to induce MB, restore MF, and improve behavioral outcomes after experimental stroke in adult and aged mice. Specific Aim 2: Determine the efficacy of formoterol and forelimb rehabilitative training (RT) following experimental stroke to enhance MF, MB, structural plasticity and behavioral outcomes in adult mice. Specific Aim 3. Determine the efficacy of formoterol and forelimb rehabilitative training (RT) following experimental stroke to enhance MF, MB, structural plasticity and behavioral outcomes in aged mice. Successful completion of these studies will provide strong evidence for the dose, timing and persistence of formoterol-induced recovery from stroke and a possible mechanism underlying these findings, providing new targets for rehabilitative training adjunctive treatments. Since formoterol is already an FDA approved drug, successful completion of these studies could rapidly lead to translational clinical trials for young and older human stroke survivor.