Longitudinal follow-up of brief parenting interventions to reduce risk of child physical maltreatment in a selected population

项目概要/摘要：缺乏基于证据的、普遍可及的育儿方法 教育，教导替代体罚和其他形式的严厉养育， 降低儿童遭受身体虐待的风险，促进儿童福祉。我们的长期目标是 加强证据基础，以便采取简短、适应性广和可持续的干预措施， 广泛选择和普遍人群中的CPM风险。这项研究的目的是测试持续的 两个这样的干预措施，三重P水平2（L2）和玩得好，并评估其机制， 使用混合方法的效果。中心假设是每一种干预措施都会更有效 在1年随访时，与对照组相比，在改善父母和孩子的结局方面。这样做的理由 这项研究的目的是填补初级预防育儿干预措施研究方面的一个关键空白， 广泛的选定人群，可应用于初级保健和其他家庭服务环境， 降低CPM率。我们计划通过以下三种方法来测试我们的中心假设： 具体目标：（1）建立两个简短的亲职干预对亲职的持续影响（1年） （2）建立两种短期父母教养方式的持续效应（1年） 干预措施对知觉的强制性规范的CP和支持CP的使用;（3）获得一个深入的 了解干预措施对家长管教策略选择的影响，其原因 选择它们，以及相关的社会背景。目标1和2将通过利用现有的 已证实短期（3个月随访）效果的随机对照试验。目标3：质量 阶段，将探讨干预措施有效性的原因和障碍，并审查更大的背景 父母管教孩子的方式这一方法具有创新性，因为它解决了以下未得到满足的需求： 提供可广泛传播的普及、循证和广泛的选择性育儿教育 通过初级保健和其他家庭服务机构。此外，通过使用混合方法， 将有助于更好地理解重要的机制，障碍，和促进程序的效果。 这项拟议中的研究意义重大，因为它有望为两个简短的育儿提供关键证据。 干预措施：玩得好和三倍P-L2。首先，我们希望找到减少严厉养育的持续影响， 风险，包括父母对CP的批准和使用，以及改善儿童的结果。另外我们 我希望深入了解相关的机制，障碍，促进者和与这些相关的社会背景 与CP使用有关的干预措施。总之，这些发现预计将有助于建立一个必要的严格的 通过初级教育，将育儿教育的证据基础扩展到普遍和广泛的选定人口 护理和其他家庭服务设施。这些都是推进公共卫生的关键步骤 CP和CPM的一级预防方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: There is a lack of evidence-based, universally accessible parenting education that teaches alternatives to corporal punishment (CP) and other forms of harsh parenting in order to reduce risk of child physical maltreatment (CPM) and promote child well-being. Our long-term goal is to strengthen the evidence base for brief, widely adaptable and sustainable interventions designed to reduce CPM risk in both broad selected and universal populations. The objective of this study is to test the sustained effects of two such interventions, Triple P-Level 2 (L2) and Play Nicely, and to assess their mechanisms of effect using a mixed methods approach. The central hypothesis is that each intervention will be more effective in improving parent and child outcomes than the control condition at 1-year follow-up. The rationale for this study is to fill a critical gap in research on primary prevention parenting interventions that target universal and broad selected populations and that can be applied within primary care and other family service settings to reduce rates of CPM. We plan to test our central hypothesis by pursuing a mixed methods approach via three specific aims: (1) To establish sustained effects (1 year) of two brief parenting interventions on parenting behaviors and child outcomes; (2) To establish the sustained effects (1 year) of two brief parenting interventions on perceived injunctive norms about CP and support for CP use; (3) To gain an in-depth understanding of the impacts of the interventions on parents’ choices of discipline strategies, their reasons for choosing them, and relevant social contexts. Aims 1 and 2 will be accomplished by leveraging an existing randomized controlled trial that has demonstrated short-term (3-month follow-up) effects. Aim 3, the qualitative phase, will explore reasons for, and barriers to, the interventions' effectiveness, and examine the larger context in which parents discipline their children. The approach is innovative because it addresses an unmet need for accessible, evidence-based universal and broad selective parenting education that can be widely disseminated through primary care and other family service settings. Furthermore, by using a mixed methods approach, it will contribute to a greater understanding of important mechanisms, barriers, and facilitators of program effects. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to provide critical evidence for two brief parenting interventions: Play Nicely and Triple P-L2. First, we expect to find sustained effects of reduced harsh parenting risks, including parental approval for and use of CP, as well as improved child outcomes. Additionally, we expect to gain insight into relevant mechanisms, barriers, facilitators, and social contexts relevant to these interventions and related to CP use. Together, these findings are expected to contribute to a needed rigorous evidence base for parenting education scalable to universal and broad selected populations through primary care and other family service settings. These are critically needed next steps in advancing a public health approach to the primary prevention of CP and CPM.