Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of GBM Infiltration

总结 胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人中最常见和最致命的原发性脑肿瘤。的一个特征 GBM使其极难治愈的是其弥漫性浸润整个大脑，作为治疗， 包括手术切除原发性肿瘤总是会导致复发，通常远离肿瘤的部位。 原来的肿瘤。这种临床特征说明了GBM生物学中的关键知识缺口，因为细胞和 驱动肿瘤细胞在脑中迁移的分子机制仍然不清楚。最近 研究表明，GBM进展与神经元活动密切相关，我们的初步研究表明， 增加的神经元活性刺激GBM细胞向过度活跃的神经元迁移， 对侧半球为了破译驱动活动依赖性GBM浸润的分子机制， 我们对这些肿瘤进行了转录组学分析，发现了轴突导向基因的富集， 免疫相关信号的改变。轴突导向基因组的功能研究显示， 小鼠GBM中EphA 6、EphA 7或Sema 4F的过表达促进肿瘤细胞的浸润， 降低荷瘤小鼠的存活率。同样地，我们发现CD 8-T细胞减少是对活动的反应， 驱动的浸润和初步研究表明，这些群体的损失增强了恶性肿瘤的发生。 进展 基于这些初步研究的优势，我们提出了三个具体目标，旨在揭示 驱动GBM浸润的细胞和分子机制。在目标1中，我们将操纵 为了剖析哪些神经元亚类促进GBM浸润，需要对神经元亚类进行分类。在aim 2中，我们将 确定EphA 6、EphA 7和Sema 4F如何促进GBM浸润和病理生理学。在aim 3中，我们 将确定神经元活动如何影响免疫反应，同时确定CD 8 T细胞 有助于GBM渗透。总之，这些目标将揭示哪些神经元群体促进GBM 同时揭示了轴突导向基因和趋化因子受体在肿瘤中的新作用 病理生理学

Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly form of primary brain tumor in adults. One feature of GBM that makes it exceedingly difficult to cure is its diffuse infiltration throughout the brain, as treatment, including surgical resection of the primary tumor invariably results in recurrence, often remote from the site of the original tumor. This clinical feature illustrates a key knowledge gap in GBM biology, as the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the migration of tumor cells in the brain remain poorly defined. Recent studies have shown that GBM progression is tightly linked to neuronal activity and our preliminary studies show that increased neuronal activity stimulates migration of GBM cells towards hyperactive neurons in the contralateral hemisphere. To decipher the molecular mechanisms driving activity-dependent, GBM infiltration, we performed transcriptomic analysis of these tumors, finding enrichment of axon guidance genes and drastic alterations in immune-related signatures. Functional studies with the axon guidance gene cohort revealed that overexpression of EphA6, EphA7, or Sema4F in mouse GBM promoted infiltration of tumor cells and decreased survival of tumor bearing mice. Similarly, we found decreased CD8-Tcells in response to activity- driven infiltration and preliminary studies suggest that loss of these populations enhances malignant progression. Based on the strength of these preliminary studies we propose three specific aims that seek to uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving GBM infiltration. In aim 1, we will manipulate the activity of subsets of neurons in order to dissect which sub-types of neurons promote GBM infiltration. In aim2, we will determine how EphA6, EphA7, and Sema4F contribute to GBM infiltration and pathophysiology. In aim3, we will determine how neuronal activity influences immune responses, while determining how CD8 T-cells contribute to GBM infiltration. Together, these aims will uncover which neuronal populations promote GBM infiltration, while revealing new roles for axon guidance genes and chemokine receptors in tumor pathophysiology.