Improving Health Outcomes for an Aging Population

项目总结/摘要 改善老龄化人口的健康结果 该应用程序扩展了一个长期运行的NBER计划项目的健康和福祉的老龄化 人口我们的研究计划侧重于更好地了解健康趋势和差异， 健康，并有效利用医疗保健资源，以改善人口老龄化的结果， 不断变化的景观。项目1（凯斯和迪顿）探讨了不同地理、种族和文化背景下的健康趋势变化 和种族，教育和队列，确定和分析那些健康状况不佳的人的生活环境， 和幸福感都在恶化项目2（Maestas）重点关注疼痛和阿片类药物日益普遍的问题 使用，以及它们与健康结果，工作和残疾计划入学的关系。项目3（Duflo） 分析了老龄化、贫困人口（重点是印度）中慢性病的快速增长，以及 公共政策干预在全球范围内改善健康方面的作用。项目4（Baicker和Obermeyer） 将机器学习工具应用于管理数据，以识别过度使用（反映出几乎没有健康益处的护理 （相对于其成本或风险而言）和医疗保健利用不足（反映出错过了获得保健惠益的机会） 服务，侧重于诊断测试的情况下。项目5（Kolstad和Handel）分析了 信息技术在医生治疗决策中的作用，以及扩大使用 医疗保健中的IT。项目6（Chandra和Sacarny）研究了有关提供商质量的信息如何影响 患者对医疗保健的决定，以及质量信息是否改善了医疗保健市场 通过竞争取得成绩。项目7（Baicker和Finkelstein）着眼于公共卫生的影响 为贫困成年人提供医疗保健和结果保险，采用随机对照设计， 俄勒冈州的健康保险彩票。项目8（威廉姆斯）着眼于刺激或阻碍研究的政策， 药物创新，以及“新用途”问题导致药物投资不足的程度。 具有潜在积极社会价值的创新。该计划项目利用了方法，数据， 在卫生趋势和差距、卫生部门的作用和 为患者和提供者提供信息，以及不同政策改善健康的潜力。本研究 在人口统计、人口健康、卫生政策 卫生保健组织和医学。该计划项目还将继续作为组织 基金会为一个更大的社区的学者从事健康相关的研究在国家经济研究局，吸引 一些最有才华的科学家从每一个新一代的经济学家的健康问题的研究。 将这个社区与其他学科的健康研究人员联系起来，特别是在医学和临床领域，是一个 该计划的重要新目标，促进跨学科的方法需要解决最 老龄化人口面临的紧迫健康问题。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Improving Health Outcomes for an Aging Population This application extends a long-running NBER program project on the health and wellbeing of an aging population. Our research plan focuses on better understanding health trends and disparities, the determinants of health, and the effective use of health care resources to improve outcomes for an aging population in an evolving landscape. Project 1 (Case and Deaton) explores variations in health trends across geography, race and ethnicity, education, and cohort, identifying and analyzing the life circumstances of those whose health and wellbeing have worsened. Project 2 (Maestas) focuses on the increasing prevalence of pain and opioid use, and their relationship to health outcomes, work, and disability program enrollment. Project 3 (Duflo) analyzes the rapid rise in chronic disease in aging, poorer populations (focusing on India), and the potential role of public policy interventions in improving health in a global context. Project 4 (Baicker and Obermeyer) applies machine learning tools to administrative data to identify overuse (reflecting care with little health benefit relative to its cost or risks) and underuse (reflecting missed opportunities for health benefits) of medical services, focusing on the case of diagnostic testing. Project 5 (Kolstad and Handel) analyzes the impact of information technology in physician treatment decisions, and the potential health benefits of expanded use of IT in health care. Project 6 (Chandra and Sacarny) looks at how information about provider quality affects patients' decisions about their medical care, and whether information on quality improves health care market performance through competition. Project 7 (Baicker and Finkelstein) looks at the effect of public health insurance on health care and outcomes for poor adults, using a randomized controlled design enabled by Oregon's health insurance lottery. Project 8 (Williams) looks at policies that stimulate or impede research and innovation in medicine, and the degree to which the “new uses” problem results in underinvestment in innovations with a potentially positive social value. The program project leverages synergies in methods, data sources, and health issues addressed, building on common themes of health trends and disparities, the role of information for patients and providers, and the potential for different policies to improve health. This research has particular importance in the context of societal changes in demographics, population health, health policy, health care organization, and medicine. The program project will also continue to serve as the organizational foundation for a much larger community of scholars engaged in health-related research at the NBER, attracting some of the most talented scientists from each new generation of economists to the study of health issues. Linking this community to health researchers in other disciplines, particularly in medical and clinical fields, is an important new aim of the program, fostering the cross-disciplinary approaches needed to tackle the most pressing health issues facing an aging population.