Racial Differences in Serum Sodium and Blood Pressure Regulation

项目总结/摘要 候选人：奥斯汀T。罗宾逊博士是特拉华州大学（UD）的博士后助理。博士 罗宾逊旨在研究高钠饮食（Na+）对心血管反应的种族差异。他最近 已发表的数据表明，与白色个体相比，1）黑人个体增加了 在血清Na+与高渗盐水输注之间;和2）对于给定的血清Na+表现出更高的血压（BP）。在 根据这项提议，他将通过全面评估急性脑梗死后神经血管反应来解释这些发现。 （单餐）和慢性（10天的控制喂养）高饮食钠+。核心假设是， 饮食中的Na+对黑人和白色人交感神经活动的影响相似;然而， 血管舒张能力和增强的交感神经传导（对交感神经的血管收缩反应 突发）导致黑人个体血压失调。他还将决定生活方式的作用 因素（即，睡眠、体力活动和营养）对CV生理学潜在基线种族差异的影响。 职业发展规划：罗宾逊博士建议通过以下方式促进其职业发展：1）获得 睡眠评估、（一氧化氮）生物利用度评估和反应性评估的新技能 氧物种（ROS）。2)流行病学的高级培训，以分析大型数据集。具体来说，他将 执行为多种族动脉粥样硬化研究（梅萨）收集的样本的二级数据， 在流行病学专家诺琳娜艾伦博士的指导下。3)通过正式的形式来提高他的专业技能 课程的工作，出席和介绍每周杂志俱乐部，并在国家/国际科学 会议.环境：罗宾逊博士将在一个优秀的研究环境中接受培训， 导师的纪律团队。Farquhar博士是UD的NHLBI资助的正教授， 成功的指导记录。他是一个专家，在自主控制的循环，并执行控制 盐饲养研究。共同导师爱德华兹博士也在UD和血管生理功能的领先专家 并执行控制饮食盐喂养研究。共同导师布朗博士是一个专家的生活方式作为一种预防 以及黑人高血压和血管功能的治疗策略。顾问齐默尔曼博士和 博士Poole分别是ROS和NO信号的专家。顾问巴克斯顿博士是公认的睡眠专家 以及睡眠不足对健康的影响，尤其是心脏代谢的影响。Wright博士是一位 在UD护理教授，并在神经心理学和种族差异的专业知识。研究：黑色 个体更容易出现盐敏感性血压升高和相关的不良心血管疾病 与其他种族群体相比，慢性高饮食Na+摄入。血管功能的种族差异， 在基础条件下，黑人个体BP的自主控制也存在。有一个迫切需要阐明 这些种族差异背后的生理学，并确定这些种族差异是否可归因于 生活方式的差异。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT CANDIDATE: Austin T. Robinson, Ph.D is a Postdoctoral Associate at the University of Delaware (UD). Dr. Robinson aims to study racial differences in cardiovascular responses to high dietary sodium (Na+). He recently published data demonstrating that compared to white individuals, 1) black individuals have augmented increases in serum Na+ to a hypertonic saline infusion; and 2) exhibit higher blood pressure (BP) for a given serum Na+. In this proposal, he will translate these findings by comprehensively assessing neurovascular responses to acute (single meal) and chronic (10 days of a controlled feeding) high dietary Na+. The central hypothesis is that high dietary Na+ influences sympathetic nerve activity similarly in black and white individuals; however, diminished vasodilator capacity and augmented sympathetic transduction (vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve bursts) contribute to exaggerated BP dysregulation in black individuals. He will also determine the role of lifestyle factors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, and nutrition) on potential baseline racial differences in CV physiology. CAREER DEVELOPMENT PLAN: Dr. Robinson proposes to enhance his career development by: 1) Acquiring new skills in the assessment of sleep, assessment of (nitric oxide) NO. bioavailability, and assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 2) Advanced training in epidemiology to analyze large data sets. Specifically, he will perform secondary data of samples collected for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) under the guidance of advisor Dr. Norrina Allen, an expert epidemiologist. 3) Refining his professional skills though formal course work, attendance and presentations at weekly journal clubs, and at national/international scientific meetings. ENVIRONMENT: Dr. Robinson will train in an outstanding research environment supported by a multi- disciplinary team of mentors. The primary mentor, Dr. Farquhar, is an NHLBI-funded full professor at UD with a record of successful mentorship. He is an expert in autonomic control of circulation, and executing controlled salt feeding studies. Co-mentor Dr. Edwards is also at UD and a leading expert in vascular physiology function and executing controlled dietary salt feeding studies. Co-mentor Dr. Brown is an expert in lifestyle as a preventive and treatment strategy for hypertension and vascular function in black individuals. Advisors Dr. Zimmerman and Dr. Poole are experts in ROS and NO. signaling, respectively. Advisor Dr. Buxton is a recognized expert in sleep and health consequences of sleep deficiency, especially cardiometabolic outcomes. Advisor Dr. Wright is a professor in Nursing at UD and has expertise in neuropsychology and racial disparities. RESEARCH: Black individuals are more prone to salt-sensitive elevations in BP and adverse cardiovascular conditions associated with chronic high dietary Na+ intake compared to other racial groups. Racial disparities in vascular function and, autonomic control of BP in black individuals under basal conditions also exist. There is a critical need to elucidate the physiology underlying these racial disparities and to determine if these racial disparities are attributable to lifestyle differences.