Fluorescence-Solid Phase Extraction (F-SPE) Platform for Rapid, On-site Detection of PFAS

项目摘要 全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)已成为一类新兴的水污染物 这会引起严重的环境和健康问题。由于它们在工业、军事、 和消防，全氟辛烷磺酸已广泛存在于各种水体中。在这些人中 超过1000种全氟辛烷磺酸(全氟辛烷磺酸)和 全氟辛酸(全氟辛酸)是使用和研究最多的两种全氟辛酸 效果。最近的研究表明，接触这些全氟辛烷磺酸与许多种类之间存在密切联系。 疾病和对健康的影响。目前，美国环保局为全氟辛烷磺酸和 饮用水中的全氟辛酸为70ppt(全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸分别为0.14和0.17海里)。当前检测到的 PFAS主要基于液-质联用(LC-MS)技术。 然而，成本、占地面积、电力要求和样品制备过程通常 与LC-MS技术相关的技术限制了它们在正规实验室之外的部署 布景。特别是对于全氟辛烷磺酸的纳摩尔水平的检测，LC-MS通常需要 预浓缩前端装置，使得分析更加耗时。它变成了 迫切需要开发一种快速、简单、低成本的传感器技术，更适合快速 全氟辛烷磺酸的现场检测。而许多化学传感器，如基于荧光的那些 调制，已经被开发用于检测PFAS，但它们中的大多数仍然距离 足够分析饮用水的灵敏度(相对于70ppt)或选择性(相对于 常见的化学品，特别是洗涤剂)。 该项目旨在通过开发一种独特的传感器平台来填补这一技术空白，该平台体积小， 易于使用，提供灵敏和选择性的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的内场检测(被选为 有代表性的全氟辛烷磺酸分析物)。该传感器平台是基于高灵敏度和高选择性的 涂覆在固相萃取(SPE)上的荧光传感器能够预富集 分析浓度低，从而降低了检测下限。这两种技术的结合 在一个平台(即F-SPE)中预富集固相萃取和荧光检测将 显著简化和加快分析过程。此外，F-SPE采取的原则是 SPE固有的可忽略的消耗(ND)，这将通过以下方式进一步简化分析过程 不需要像常规方法那样精确测量样品体积 分析方法。 ND依赖于使最少量的样品通过膜，这是 分析物的提取达到平衡。在这一点上，样本中的分析物浓度 进入和离开膜是相等的。因此，分析物的表面浓度 可以与其在样本中的浓度直接相关，但不再依赖于 样品通过膜的体积。因此，不再需要 通过膜测量准确的样品体积。本文的主要创新之处在于 将荧光传感器的高灵敏度和选择性与预浓缩相结合 SPE的能力和ND原理，这将使快速，可靠的检测PFAS在一个简单， 低成本的方式。 该项目将围绕三个具体目标实施： 具体目标1.对全氟辛烷磺酸选择性的荧光团的合成和表面固定化 或全氟辛烷磺酸用于内部制造的SPE磁盘。 具体目标2.F-SPE/ND检测全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的评价。 具体目标3.商业化评估。

Project Summary Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become an emerging class of water pollutants that cause serious environmental and health concerns. Due to their wide use in industry, military, and fire protection, PFAS have been spread and present in all kinds of water bodies. Among the over thousand PFAS ever manufactured and used, perfluorooctanesulfonic (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) represent the top two PFAS used and studied the most for health effects. Recent studies indicate a tight linkage between exposure to these PFAS and many kinds of diseases and health effects. Currently, the advisory level set by the US EPA set for PFOS and PFOA in drinking water is 70 ppt (0.14 and 0.17 nM for PFOS and PFOA). Current detection of PFAS is mostly based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). However, the costs, footprint, power requirements, and sample preparation processes often associated with the LC-MS technologies limit their deployment beyond the formal laboratory setting. Especially for the detection of nanomolar levels of PFAS, LC-MS usually requires a preconcentration frontend device, making the analysis even more time-consuming. It becomes imperative to develop a rapid, simple, and low-cost sensor technology that is more suited for quick onsite detection of PFAS. While many chemical sensors, such as those based on fluorescence modulation, have been developed for the detection of PFAS, most of them are still far from sufficient for potable water analysis regarding either sensitivity (vs. 70 ppt) or selectivity (against the common chemicals, especially detergents). This project aims to fill this technical gap by developing a unique sensor platform that is small and easy to use, offering sensitive and selective infield detection of PFOS and PFOA (selected as the representative PFAS analytes). The sensor platform is based on highly sensitive and selective fluorescence sensors coated onto solid-phase extraction (SPE) capable of preconcentration of low concentrations of analyses, thus lowering the detection limit. The combination of preconcentration of SPE and fluorescence detection in one platform (namely F-SPE) would significantly simplify and speed up the analysis process. Moreover, F-SPE takes the principle of negligible depletion (ND) intrinsic to SPE, which would further simplify the analysis process by eliminating the need to precisely meter the sample volume as typically required for conventional analytical methods. ND relies on passing the minimal amount of sample through the membrane that is required for the analyte extraction to reach equilibrium. At this point, the analyte concentrations in the sample entering and exiting the membrane are equal. As a result, the surface concentration of the analyte can be directly correlated to its concentration in the sample but is no longer dependent on the volume of the sample passed through the membrane. Therefore, it is no longer necessary to meter an exact sample volume through the membrane. The main innovation herein lies in integrating the high sensitivity and selectivity of fluorescence sensors with the preconcentration capability and ND principle of SPE, which will enable quick, reliable detection of PFAS in a simple, low-cost way. The project will be implemented around three specific aims: Specific Aim 1. Synthesis and surface immobilization of fluorophores selective to either PFOS or PFOA to in-house fabricated SPE disks. Specific Aim 2. Evaluation of F-SPE/ND for PFOS and PFOA detection. Specific Aim 3. Commercialization Assessment.