Schools Championing Safe South Africa: An Intervention Engaging Teachers and Students in Adolescent Prevention of HIV risk and Intimate Partner Violence

项目摘要/摘要 青春期是以预防为目标的综合干预的理想发展过渡期 防止艾滋病毒危险行为和亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)，包括性暴力。中国的青春期男孩 特别是，他们感染艾滋病毒和实施IPV的风险很高。然而，很少有行为干预将艾滋病毒-IPV整合在一起 预防，并为青春期男孩的独特发展需要量身定做。教育环境 在塑造青春期男孩的行为选择方面发挥着至关重要的作用。具体地说，教师和学生同龄人 在四个重要方面推动改变青春期男孩的艾滋病毒和IPV预防需求。第一, 教师和学生同龄人影响社区规范适当的青少年男性行为 学校生态中的约会、人际关系和性暴力。其次，教师和学生的同龄人 与青少年持续接触，因此，可以在青少年的生活中发挥影响作用，成为 健康的标准。第三，教师和学生同伴对学生的保护行为有实质性的激励和强化。 晚于预防HIV和IPV。第四，教师理想地准备好教授年龄--和发展-- 为青少年量身定做的预防干预措施，因为他们接受了与青少年接触的专业培训- 在年龄和适合发展的教学方面的美分。尽管老师和学生同龄人的重要作用 在促进青少年健康方面，目前在全球优先环境中没有艾滋病毒-IPV干预措施 这些流行病的目标是学校环境中的教师和学生同龄人。在这项研究中，我们将开发 然后调查学校倡导安全南非的可接受性和可行性 HIV-IPV干预，教师和学生同龄人让青春期男孩参与为其量身定做的 使用社会规范方法预防青少年艾滋病毒危险行为和IPV。我们在南方工作 非洲是艾滋病毒流行最严重的国家，也是世界上IPV感染率最高的国家。我们建议 以下具体目标：(1)发展目标--收集教师的行为和社会规范数据 向3所学校的学生(针对75%的学生)提供有关学生层面预防艾滋病毒和IPV的信息 学校倡导安全南非的社会规范运动内容；(2)细化目标-细化 社会规范海报宣传活动和其他干预内容的内容，使用n=5-10次采访 教师和k=3-6个焦点小组与学生在1号学校(海报运动精细化学校)；和(3)ac- 可接受性和可行性目标--进行社会规范运动组件的随机对照试点试验-- 2号学校(实验干预学校)对3号学校(等待名单对照学校)，1-和6- 一个月的随访以测量性危险行为和IPV实施的高危学生的变化 (例如，15-17岁的青春期男孩)，并评估今后干预措施的可接受性和可行性 全能功效试验。研究结果将促进对高架青少年的预防干预科学 在预防艾滋病毒和暴力的全球优先事项中，艾滋病毒和IPV的风险。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Adolescence presents an ideal developmental transition period for an integrated intervention targeting preven- tion of HIV risk behaviors and intimate partner violence (IPV) including sexual violence. Adolescent boys in particular, are at high risk for HIV and perpetration of IPV. Yet, few behavioral interventions integrate HIV-IPV prevention and are tailored for the unique developmental needs of adolescent boys. Educational environments play a vital role in shaping behavioral choices among adolescent boys. Specifically, teachers and student peers serve as agents of change for adolescent boys’ HIV and IPV prevention needs in four important ways. First, teachers and student peers influence community norms for appropriate adolescent male behaviors relating to dating, relationships, and sexual violence within the school ecology. Second, teachers and student peers have persistent contact with adolescents and thus, can play an influential role in adolescents’ lives as role models for healthy norms. Third, teachers and student peers substantively motivate and reinforce protective behaviors re- lating to prevention of HIV and IPV. Fourth, teachers are ideally prepared to deliver age- and developmentally- tailored preventive interventions to adolescents because they are professionally trained to engage with adoles- cents in age and developmentally appropriate teaching. Despite the important role of teachers and student peers in promoting the health of adolescents, there are currently no HIV-IPV interventions in global priority settings for these epidemics that target teachers and student peers in school environments. In this study, we will develop and then investigate the acceptability and feasibility of Schools Championing Safe South Africa, an integrated HIV-IPV intervention where teachers and student peers engage adolescent boys in a developmentally-tailored approach to prevent adolescent HIV risk behavior and IPV using a social norms approach. We work in South Africa, a country with the largest HIV epidemic and some of the highest rates of IPV in the world. We propose the following specific aims: (1) Development aim – Gather behavioral and social norms data from teachers and students (aiming for 75% of students) relating to student-level prevention of HIV and IPV in 3 schools to inform the social norms campaign content for Schools Championing Safe South Africa; (2) Refinement aim – Refine content for the social norms poster campaign and other intervention components using n=5-10 interviews with teachers and k=3-6 focus groups with students in School #1 (poster campaign refinement school); and (3) Ac- ceptability and feasibility aim – Conduct a randomized controlled pilot trial of the social norms campaign com- paring School #2 (experimental intervention school) versus School #3 (wait list control school) with 1- and 6- month follow-up to measure change among students at high risk for sexual risk behavior and IPV perpetration (e.g., adolescent boys 15-17 years), and to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention for a future fully-powered efficacy trial. Findings will advance preventive intervention science for young people at elevated risk for HIV and IPV in a global priority setting for HIV and violence prevention.