Innate lymphoid cell regulation of the host-microbiota interactions in cancer

项目摘要 宿主-微生物相互作用深刻影响癌症。这是一个很好的例子， 促进癌症，以及通过接种疫苗或避免病原体来预防这些癌症的能力。然而，在这方面， 人类密集地寄居着数万亿通常有益的微生物，称为微生物群， 具有通过诱导炎症或基因组不稳定性来促进癌症的能力。此外，最近 开创性的研究表明，肠道微生物群也是抗肿瘤免疫所必需的， 治疗干预，如检查点封锁。尽管取得了这些进展， 哪种微生物群形状的促肿瘤免疫与抗肿瘤免疫仍然不清楚， 这些发现对特定类型的癌症是未知的。这项建议的基本重点是 机械地定义了一种控制宿主-微生物群相互作用的新途径， 肿瘤进展和促进免疫疗法在结直肠癌（CRC）中的功效。在最近 公开的数据（Goc等人，Cell，2021），我们已经确定第3组先天淋巴样细胞（ILC 3）是 从根本上改变CRC，并有助于肿瘤进展和免疫治疗反应， 协调宿主-微生物群的相互作用。这些数据引发了一个基本假设，即肠道ILC 3 在癌症中是保护性的，但在CRC中固有地被破坏，随后驱动功能失调的适应性 免疫力和微生物群的改变，支持肿瘤进展和免疫治疗抗性。我们 我将通过提出以下具体问题来机械地检验这一假设：（1）是什么驱动了功能障碍 《儿童权利公约》中的国际法委员会第3条？(2)ILC 3通过哪些微生物和宿主途径保护免受肿瘤侵害 进展？ILC 3通过哪些微生物和宿主途径保护免疫治疗 抵抗？最后，我们将直接测试一些针对微生物群的干预策略， 肿瘤进展和破坏对癌症检查点抑制剂的抗性。这些实验的结果将 为更好地理解癌症中宿主-微生物群的相互作用铺平了道路，并可能引发新的 通过调节宿主-微生物群相互作用，在癌症中的预防、治疗或治愈策略。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Host-microbe interactions profoundly impact cancer. This is exemplified by well-documented infections that promote cancer, and the ability to prevent these cancers through vaccination or pathogen avoidance. However, humans are densely colonized with trillions of normally beneficial microbes, termed the microbiota, which also have the ability to promote cancers through the induction of inflammation or genomic instability. Further, recent seminal studies demonstrated that intestinal microbiota are also required for anti-tumor immunity in the context of therapeutic interventions, such as checkpoint blockade. Despite these advances, the specific pathways by which microbiota shape pro- versus anti-tumor immunity remain poorly defined, and the potential relevance of these findings to specific types of cancer are unknown. The fundamental focus of this proposal is to mechanistically define a novel pathway that controls host-microbiota interactions to protect from tumor progression and promote the efficacy of immunotherapies in colorectal cancer (CRC). In recently published data (Goc et al., Cell, 2021), we have determined that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are fundamentally altered in CRC and contribute to tumor progression and immunotherapy responsiveness by coordinating host-microbiota interactions. These data provoke a fundamental hypothesis that intestinal ILC3s are protective in cancer, but become inherently disrupted in CRC, subsequently driving dysfunctional adaptive immunity and alterations to the microbiota that support tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance. We will mechanistically test this hypothesis by asking the following specific questions: (1) What drives dysfunction of ILC3s in CRC?; (2) What are the microbial and host pathways by which ILC3s protect from tumor progression?; And (3) What are the microbial and host pathways by which ILC3s protect from immunotherapy resistance? Finally, we will directly test a number of interventional strategies that target the microbiota to limit tumor progression and break resistance to cancer checkpoint inhibitors. Results from these experiments will pave the way for a greater understanding of host-microbiota interactions in cancer, and could provoke novel preventative, therapeutic or curative strategies in cancer by modulating host-microbiota interactions.