Immune regulation of intestinal health and disease

肠道健康和疾病的免疫调节

• 批准号: 9079684
• 负责人: Gregory F Sonnenberg
• 金额: $ 42.38万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9079684
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Address; Adult; Affect; American; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens; Apoptosis; Automobile Driving; Biopsy; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Death; Cells; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Coculture Techniques; Crohn' s disease; Data; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Exhibits; Gastrointestinal tract structure; Genetic; Health; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Homeostasis; Human; Immune; Immune response; Immunity; In Vitro; Incidence; Induction of Apoptosis; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Inflammatory disease of the intestine; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-2; Intestines; Intrinsic factor; Kinetics; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lymphoid Cell; Lymphoid Tissue; Malignant Neoplasms; Mediating; Molecular; Mus; Nature; Neuropilin-1; Obesity; Pathogenesis; Pathologic; Pathway interactions; Patients; Play; Population; Prevalence; Process; Production; Public Health; Publishing; Regulation; Regulatory Pathway; Role; Science; Semaphorins; Surface; T cell response; T-Lymphocyte; Tamoxifen; Testing; Therapeutic; Thymic epithelial cell; Tissues; Transgenic Mice; Ulcerative Colitis; Viral hepatitis; base; commensal microbes; cytokine; design; differential expression; disorder control; effective therapy; human disease; in vivo; mouse model; neutralizing antibody; novel; novel therapeutics; patient population; prevent; progenitor; promoter; public health relevance; response; selective expression; socioeconomics; tissue repair; translational approach; translational study

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a growing public health and socio-economic challenge that affects pediatric and adult populations worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of IBD is poorly understood and therapeutic options are limited and often ineffective. Basic and translational studies suggest that IBD is causally-associated with the development of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses directed against normally beneficial intestinal commensal bacteria. Therefore interrogating the mechanisms that limit pathologic immune responses to commensal bacteria in the context of health and intestinal inflammation will be critical for the development of novel therapeutics to prevent and treat IBD. Recent studies from this and other laboratories have identified a role for populations of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in regulating cytokine-mediated immunity, inflammation and tissue repair in the intestine. In recently published and new preliminary data we have identified that group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) also play a critical role in directly limiting the development of pro- inflammatory commensal bacteria-specific CD4+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)- dependent interactions (Hepworth et al. Nature, 2013 and Hepworth et al., Science, 2015). Critically, genetic deletion of MHCII in murine ILC3s results in T cell-dependent intestinal inflammation, and pediatric Crohn's disease patient's exhibit reduced MHCII expression on intestinal ILC3s. These findings provoke the central hypothesis that MHCII+ ILC3s critically regulate pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses to commensal bacteria and are essential to maintain tissue homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. We will employ these powerful basic and translational approaches to delineate the pathways by which ILC3s regulate pathologic CD4+ T cell responses to commensal bacteria and intestinal inflammation. Two specific aims of this project will determine (i) the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MHCII+ ILC3s regulate pathologic commensal bacteria-specific CD4+ T cells, and (ii) what regulates ILC3-intrinsic MHCII expression in the healthy and inflamed intestine of mice and humans. Collectively, these studies will systematically interrogate the role and regulation of ILC3-intrinsic MHCII in basic mouse models, and pioneer translational studies examining these pathways in healthy human and IBD patient populations. These studies will inform ongoing efforts to develop effective therapies targeting ILCs to prevent or treat IBD in both children and adults, in addition to multiple other chronic inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulated immune responses to commensal bacteria.

 描述（由申请人提供）：炎症性肠病（IBD）是一个日益严重的公共卫生和社会经济挑战，影响着全世界的儿童和成人。然而，人们对 IBD 的发病机制知之甚少，治疗选择有限且往往无效。基础和转化研究表明 IBD 与 针对通常有益的肠道共生细菌产生促炎性 CD4+ T 细胞反应。因此，探究在健康和肠道炎症的背景下限制共生菌病理性免疫反应的机制对于开发预防和治疗 IBD 的新疗法至关重要。该实验室和其他实验室的最新研究已经确定了先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 群体在调节肠道细胞因子介导的免疫、炎症和组织修复中的作用。在最近发表的新初步数据中，我们发现第 3 组 ILC (ILC3) 还通过主要组织相容性复合体 II 类 (MHCII) 依赖性相互作用，在直接限制促炎共生细菌特异性 CD4+ T 细胞的发育方面发挥着关键作用（Hepworth 等人，Nature，2013 和 Hepworth 等人，Science，2015）。重要的是，小鼠 ILC3 中 MHCII 的基因缺失会导致 T 细胞依赖性肠道炎症，而儿科克罗恩病患者的肠道 ILC3 上 MHCII 表达减少。这些发现引发了一个中心假设，即 MHCII+ ILC3 关键性地调节促炎 CD4+ T 细胞对共生细菌的反应，并且对于维持人类胃肠道中的组织稳态至关重要。我们将利用这些强大的基础和转化方法来描绘 ILC3 调节病理性 CD4+ T 细胞对共生细菌和肠道炎症反应的途径。该项目的两个具体目标将确定 (i) MHCII+ ILC3 调节病理共生细菌特异性 CD4+ T 细胞的细胞和分子机制，以及 (ii) 是什么调节小鼠和人类健康和发炎肠道中 ILC3 内在 MHCII 的表达。总的来说，这些研究将系统地探讨 ILC3 内在 MHCII 在基本小鼠模型中的作用和调节，并开创性的转化研究在健康人类和 IBD 患者群体中检查这些途径。这些研究将为正在进行的开发针对 ILC 的有效疗法提供信息，以预防或治疗儿童和成人的 IBD，以及与共生细菌免疫反应失调相关的多种其他慢性炎症性疾病。