Individualized Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

描述（由申请人提供）：胰腺癌是一种致死性疾病。新药的经验性开发并没有导致任何有意义的生存改善。迫切需要新的战略来防治这一疾病。我们已经开发并优化了一种低传代异种移植模型，该模型可能允许对胰腺癌患者进行个体化治疗。将在胰腺癌手术切除时获得的新鲜胰腺癌组织植入裸鼠中。异种移植的肿瘤可以用抗癌剂治疗以确定它们的体内活性。在以前的研究中，我们已经掌握了这个模型，并有很高的接受率和出色的体内结果。我们还表明，异种移植的肿瘤在组织学、基因突变和选定的基因表达数据上与产生它们的原发性肿瘤的生物学特征非常相似。在小鼠中连续传代不影响肿瘤对我们初步测试的药物的抗性/敏感性，并且不导致生物学特征的主要变化。由于肿瘤可以在小鼠中无限繁殖，因此该模型也非常适合研究预测药物反应和/或耐药性的生物标志物。该转化应用是利用上述临床前模型进行癌症治疗。待检验的假设是，基于模型的患者治疗药物选择将导致比传统药物预期更好的结果。我们提出了以下三个具体目的：1）确定一系列可用的抗癌药物对一组从切除的胰腺癌患者获得的异种移植肿瘤的活性; 2）进行II期临床试验，其中肿瘤在小鼠中异种移植的患者将在进展时用模型选择的药物治疗; 3）探索肿瘤组织对治疗药物反应的生物学标志物。我们希望这种方法将验证使用低传代异种移植模型来预测对药物的敏感性。如果正确的话，这个模型将是非常宝贵的发现生物标志物预测药物反应，并作为筛选模型，以选择药物的临床开发胰腺癌。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease. Empirical development of new drugs has not resulted in any meaningful improvement in survival. New strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. We have developed and optimized a low-passage xenograft model that may permit an individualize approach to the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Freshly pancreatic cancer tissues obtained at the time of surgical resection of pancreatic cancer are implanted in nude mice. Xenografted tumors can be treated with anticancer agent to determine their in vivo activity. In previous studies we have mastered this model and have a high take on rate and excellent in vivo results. We have also shown that the xenografted tumors closely resemble at the histology, gene mutation and selected gene expression data the biological features of the primary tumor from which they were generated. Sucessive passage in mice does not influence the resistant/susceptibility properties of the tumors to the drugs we have preliminarily tested and does not result in mayor changes in biological features. Because tumors can be indefinitely propagated in the mice the model is also very well suited to investigate biological markers that predict response and/or resistance to drugs. This translational application is to utilize the above mentioned preclinical model for cancer treatment. The hypothesis to be tested is that model-based selection of drugs for patient's treatment will result in better outcome than expected with conventional drugs. We propose the following three Specific Aims: 1) to determine the activity of a series of available anticancer agents against a set of xenografted tumors obtained from patients with resected pancreatic cancer; 2) to conduct a phase II clinical trial in which patients whose tumor was xenografted in the mice will be treated at the time of progression with model-selected agent and; 3) to explore biological markers of response to treatment agents in tumor tissues. We expect this approach will validate the use of the low-passage xenograft model to predict susceptibility to a drug. If correct, this model will then be invaluable to discover biomarkers predicting drug response and as a screening model to select drug for clinical development in pancreatic cancer.