Emotional dysfunction and childhood behavioral disturbance

该方案的目标是调查与儿童行为障碍有关的情绪障碍的神经认知基础；特别是极端行为障碍，但也包括注意力缺陷和多动障碍(ADHD)。我们用神经认知和神经成像范式测试的功能性假设是：(1)极端品行障碍，而不是ADHD，与刺激-惩罚的形成和操作使用障碍有关，在较小程度上，与刺激-奖赏关联信息的功能障碍有关；(2)ADHD，但不是极端行为障碍，与任务要求的表征和执行相关的执行系统障碍有关。在解剖学层面上，我们预计极端行为障碍儿童在反应选择和情绪影响任务中情绪相关系统的激活会减少(特别是杏仁核、眶前皮质和前扣带回区域的激活减少)。我们预计ADHD儿童在这些任务中的神经反应将不会那么异常。我们预计，ADHD儿童在执行反应控制任务时的神经反应是异常的(前后部代偿系统的招募明显增加)。

The goal of this protocol is to investigate the neurocognitive underpinnings of the emotional dysfunction linked to childhood behavioral disturbance; in particular, extreme conduct disorder but also attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The functional hypotheses that we are testing with both neurocognitive and neuroimaging paradigms are that: (1) extreme conduct disorder, but not ADHD, is associated with dysfunction in the formation and operational use of, stimulus-punishment and to a lesser extent stimulus-reward association information; and (2) that ADHD, but not extreme conduct disorder, is associated with impairment in executive systems related to the representation and execution of task demands. At the anatomical level, we anticipate reduced activation of emotional related systems in children with extreme conduct disorder during response selection and emotional impact tasks (in particular, reduced activation of the amygdala, regions of orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate). We anticipate that the neural response of children with ADHD during these tasks will be less anomalous. We anticipate that the neural response of children with ADHD during the performance of response control tasks to be anomalous (with considerable greater recruitment of anterior and posterior compensatory systems).