SCH: INT: A Virtual Surgery Simulator to Accelerate Medical Training in Cardiovascular Disease

我们建议设计并部署一个集成的虚拟手术模拟器，以将培训和手术 心血管内科的规划。通过在图形、可视化和实时方面推进科学 模拟，并与虚拟现实(VR)技术接口，我们将提供临床实习生 对心脏生理学和病理学的深入洞察，加速知识获取 而用标准方法建立直觉需要数年时间。配备身临其境的患者专用设备 可视化，医生将‘预览’手术技术对血液流动和生理的影响， 在一个大的设计空间中快速测试许多假设场景。虽然外科医生目前在教授 学员在陡峭而高风险的学习曲线上掌握历史悠久的技术，新颖直观的VR 环境将使快速、低风险的勘探成为可能。尽管心血管疾病取得了进展 特定于患者的建模和仿真，当前的虚拟手术功能仅限于繁琐 手工模型操作和血流模拟在高性能计算集群上运行 一次过几天。这些复杂性排除了临床医生实际操作的可能性，并且通常将模型限制在小的 解剖设计的队列。因此，迫切需要科学和技术进步。 以实现对解剖几何体和模拟的无缝操作，从而提供实时 反馈。为了推动这项技术，我们的目标是通过 以下目标：1)开发用于高效模型操作的计算机图形工具；2)集成 使用可视化进行降阶建模以创建实时交互体验，以及3)开发和 为医学生和临床实习生部署交互式VR教育环境，完成 通过案例研究和互动体验。为了量化影响，我们将设计和实施 教育评估衡量我们的技术在医学领域加速学习的能力 实习生。为了确保成功，我们组建了一支跨学科的专家团队 心血管生物力学、计算机图形学、教育技术和临床心脏病学。 最终，拟议的工具还将推动临床创新。因为很多心血管外科手术 几十年来，方法几乎没有改变，一个更长期的目标是启动临床研究，证明 对患者预后的影响，允许为个别患者制定手术计划和定制。

We propose to devise and deploy an integrated virtual surgery simulator to transform training and surgical planning in cardiovascular medicine. By advancing science in graphics, visualization and real-time simulations, and interfacing with virtual reality (VR) technology, we will offer clinical trainees unprecedented depth of insight into cardiac physiology and pathology, accelerating knowledge acquisition and intuition-building that takes years with standard approaches. Equipped with immersive patient-specific visualizations, physicians will 'preview' the effects of surgical techniques on blood flow and physiology, quickly testing many "what-if" scenarios over a large design space. While surgeons currently teach trainees time-honored techniques in a steep and high-stakes learning curve, novel and intuitive VR environments will enable rapid, lower-stakes exploration. Despite advances in cardiovascular patient-specific modeling and simulation, current virtual surgery capabilities are limited to cumbersome by-hand model manipulations and blood flow simulations run on high-performance computing clusters for days at a time. These complexities preclude hands-on use by clinicians and often limit models to a small cohort of anatomic designs. There is, therefore, a pressing need for scientific and technological advances to enable seamless manipulation of anatomic geometry and simulations that can provide real-time feedback. To drive this technology, we aim to overcome critical methodological barriers through the following aims: 1) Develop computer-graphics tools for efficient model manipulation, 2) Integrate reduced-order modeling with visualization to create a real-time interactive experience, and 3) Develop and deploy an interactive VR educational environment for medical students and clinical trainees, complete with case studies and interactive experiences. To quantify impact, we will design and carry out educational assessments measuring the ability of our technology to accelerate learning among medical trainees. To ensure success, we have assembled an expert interdisciplinary team spanning cardiovascular biomechanics, computer graphics, technology in education, and clinical cardiology. Ultimately, the proposed tools will also drive clinical innovation. Since many cardiovascular surgical approaches have changed little in decades, a longer-term goal is to launch clinical studies demonstrating impact on patient outcomes, allowing surgical planning and customization for individual patients.