Racial Differences in Serum Sodium and Blood Pressure Regulation

项目摘要/摘要 候选人：奥斯汀·T·罗宾逊博士，特拉华大学博士后。Dr。 罗宾逊的目标是研究高钠饮食对心血管反应的种族差异。他最近 已公布的数据表明，与白人相比，黑人的人数增加了 2)对于给定的血清Na+表现出更高的血压(BP)。在……里面 这项提议，他将通过全面评估急性脑出血的神经血管反应来翻译这些发现 (单餐)和慢性(10天控制喂食)高钠饮食。中心假设是这么高 在黑人和白人中，饮食中的Na+对交感神经活动的影响相似；然而， 血管扩张剂能力和增强的交感神经传导(交感神经的血管收缩反应 暴发)加剧了黑人个体的BP失调。他还将决定生活方式的作用 睡眠、体力活动和营养等因素对潜在的CV生理学基线种族差异的影响。 职业发展计划：罗宾逊博士建议通过以下方式加强职业发展：1)获得 睡眠评估中的新技能，评估(一氧化氮)NO。生物利用度和反应性评估 氧物种(ROS)。2)流行病学方面的高级培训，以分析大数据集。具体来说，他将 对为动脉粥样硬化(MESA)多种族研究收集的样本进行二次数据处理 由流行病学家、顾问诺丽娜·艾伦博士指导。3)虽然正式，但仍在磨练自己的专业技能 课程作业、周刊俱乐部和国家/国际科学杂志的出席和报告 开会。环境：罗宾逊博士将在一个出色的研究环境中接受培训，该环境由多个 由导师组成的纪律团队。主要导师Farquhar博士是由NHLBI资助的UD的全职教授，拥有 成功辅导的记录。他是循环自主控制和执行受控的专家 食盐研究。爱德华兹博士也是UD的共同导师，也是血管生理功能方面的领先专家 以及执行受控饮食盐分喂养研究。共同导师布朗博士是生活方式预防方面的专家 以及黑人高血压和血管功能的治疗策略。顾问齐默尔曼博士和 普尔博士是ROS和NO方面的专家。分别发信号。顾问巴克斯顿博士是公认的睡眠专家。 睡眠不足的健康后果，特别是心脏代谢结果。顾问赖特博士是一位 UD护理学教授，在神经心理学和种族差异方面拥有专业知识。研究：布莱克 个体更容易出现盐敏感的血压升高和相关的不良心血管疾病 与其他种族相比，饮食中长期高钠摄入量。血管功能的种族差异， 黑人个体在基础条件下对血压的自主控制也存在。迫切需要澄清 这些种族差异的生理基础，并确定这些种族差异是否可归因于 生活方式的差异。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT CANDIDATE: Austin T. Robinson, Ph.D is a Postdoctoral Associate at the University of Delaware (UD). Dr. Robinson aims to study racial differences in cardiovascular responses to high dietary sodium (Na+). He recently published data demonstrating that compared to white individuals, 1) black individuals have augmented increases in serum Na+ to a hypertonic saline infusion; and 2) exhibit higher blood pressure (BP) for a given serum Na+. In this proposal, he will translate these findings by comprehensively assessing neurovascular responses to acute (single meal) and chronic (10 days of a controlled feeding) high dietary Na+. The central hypothesis is that high dietary Na+ influences sympathetic nerve activity similarly in black and white individuals; however, diminished vasodilator capacity and augmented sympathetic transduction (vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve bursts) contribute to exaggerated BP dysregulation in black individuals. He will also determine the role of lifestyle factors (i.e., sleep, physical activity, and nutrition) on potential baseline racial differences in CV physiology. CAREER DEVELOPMENT PLAN: Dr. Robinson proposes to enhance his career development by: 1) Acquiring new skills in the assessment of sleep, assessment of (nitric oxide) NO. bioavailability, and assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 2) Advanced training in epidemiology to analyze large data sets. Specifically, he will perform secondary data of samples collected for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) under the guidance of advisor Dr. Norrina Allen, an expert epidemiologist. 3) Refining his professional skills though formal course work, attendance and presentations at weekly journal clubs, and at national/international scientific meetings. ENVIRONMENT: Dr. Robinson will train in an outstanding research environment supported by a multi- disciplinary team of mentors. The primary mentor, Dr. Farquhar, is an NHLBI-funded full professor at UD with a record of successful mentorship. He is an expert in autonomic control of circulation, and executing controlled salt feeding studies. Co-mentor Dr. Edwards is also at UD and a leading expert in vascular physiology function and executing controlled dietary salt feeding studies. Co-mentor Dr. Brown is an expert in lifestyle as a preventive and treatment strategy for hypertension and vascular function in black individuals. Advisors Dr. Zimmerman and Dr. Poole are experts in ROS and NO. signaling, respectively. Advisor Dr. Buxton is a recognized expert in sleep and health consequences of sleep deficiency, especially cardiometabolic outcomes. Advisor Dr. Wright is a professor in Nursing at UD and has expertise in neuropsychology and racial disparities. RESEARCH: Black individuals are more prone to salt-sensitive elevations in BP and adverse cardiovascular conditions associated with chronic high dietary Na+ intake compared to other racial groups. Racial disparities in vascular function and, autonomic control of BP in black individuals under basal conditions also exist. There is a critical need to elucidate the physiology underlying these racial disparities and to determine if these racial disparities are attributable to lifestyle differences.