Remediation of Perfluorinated Chemicals in Water Using Novel High-Affinity Polymer Adsorbents

摘要 有毒的全氟和多氟烷类物质对饮用水资源的普遍污染 全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)等全氟辛烷磺酸(PFAS)已成为一种主要的 影响美国数百万人的健康危机。考虑到这些环境的持久性 污染物及其与严重健康风险的既定联系，当务之急是安全、高效和成本- 开发有效的全氟辛烷磺酸修复技术，以消除来自美国的这些污染物。 供水系统。虽然全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸一直是研究最广泛的两种全氟辛烷磺酸，但其他12种 12岁以上的美国人的血清中也检测到了全氟辛烷磺酸。目前，美国 美国环境保护局的终身健康咨询指南为万亿分之七十 (Ppt)，仅适用于全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的组合。然而，面对越来越大的压力， 为了解决全氟辛烷磺酸的污染问题，许多国家已采取行动解决全氟辛烷磺酸危机，建议将限量降至 作为10ppt的单个全氟辛烷磺酸和更广泛类别的全氟辛烷磺酸。尽管不同的技术已经 探索修复全氟辛烷磺酸污染的水，基于吸附的方法使用活性碳或离子- 交换树脂仍然是最广泛使用的方法。这些吸附剂也得到了很好的证明 缺点，如天然有机物和/或其他水基质成分的严重污染，以及 能源密集型或困难的再生过程，限制了它们的可重用性和寿命。CycloPure正在开发中 一类新型环糊精基聚合物吸附剂对PFASs具有高亲和力 迫切需要一种高度可扩展、成本效益高的方法来消除饮用水供应中的全氟辛烷磺酸。在.期间 在第一阶段，确定了开发环糊精聚合物(品牌)的一种很有前途的方法 作为DEXSORB+)对多种PFASs有效，它结合了静电和疏水性 在一个独特的设计结构中的相互作用。在此二期应用中，我们将继续努力开发 优化DEXSORB+聚合物，使其具有快速吸收动力学和对PFASs和 系统调查和了解地下水基质对PFAS吸附性能的影响 再生吸附剂的能力。我们还将致力于制定控制颗粒大小的策略 然后进行小规模的柱测试，以模拟全规模的处理过程。这些活动 在进入试点研究之前，将为我们提供操作条件方面的指导。

Abstract The pervasive contamination of drinking water resources by toxic per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), has emerged as a major health crisis affecting millions of people across the U.S. Given the environmental persistence of these contaminants and their established linkage to serious health risks, it is imperative that safe, efficient, and cost- effective PFAS remediation technologies be developed that can eliminate these contaminants from the U.S. water supplies. While PFOA and PFOS have been the two of the most widely studied PFASs, twelve other PFASs have also been measured in the blood serum of Americans over the age of twelve. Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has a non-enforceable Lifetime Health Advisory guideline of 70 parts per trillion (ppt), which applies only to the combination of PFOA and PFOS. However, faced with growing pressure to address PFAS contamination, numerous States have acted to address the PFAS crisis, proposing limits as low as 10 ppt of individual PFASs and for a broader class of PFASs. Although different technologies have been explored for remediation of PFAS-contaminated water, adsorption-based methods using activated carbon or ion- exchange resins remain the most widely used approach. These adsorbents also have well-demonstrated shortcomings such as significant fouling by natural organic matter and/or other water matrix constituents and energy-intensive or difficult regeneration process that limits their reusability and lifetime. CycloPure is developing a novel class of cyclodextrin-based polymer adsorbents with high affinity for PFASs in order to address the urgent need for a highly-scalable, cost-effective method to eliminate PFASs from drinking water supplies. During the Phase I period, a promising approach was identified for the development of cyclodextrin polymers (branded as DEXSORB+) effective against a broad range of PFASs, that combines both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions in a uniquely designed structure. In this Phase II application, we will continue our efforts to develop and optimize DEXSORB+ polymers with fast uptake kinetics and high adsorption capacities for PFASs and investigate and understand groundwater matrix effects systematically on PFAS adsorption performance and the ability to regenerate the adsorbent. We will also dedicate efforts to develop strategies for particle size control and then perform small-scale column testing in order to simulate a full-scale treatment process. These activities will provide us guidance on the operational conditions prior to moving onto pilot-scale studies.