Family context, socialization, and children's socio-emotional development

项目摘要/摘要 移民影响着全世界数以亿计的家庭。移民往往把家庭成员留在原籍 社区，这可能会对儿童的福祉构成挑战。人们还不太清楚移民是如何 影响留守家庭成员子女社会化或子女社交能力和适应的因素 在发送社区方面存在问题。移民预计将改变家庭成员与家庭成员打交道、 对儿童的期望和提供，并改变儿童的经验和资源。这些挑战 而机会预计会影响孩子的社交能力和适应问题。例如, 家庭成员的迁徙被认为是为了预测留守照顾者的监控减少，进而， 儿童的药物和酒精使用率更高。移徙的好处也在预料之中，例如，儿童的 增加的责任可能会对他们的行为控制产生积极的预测作用。该项目将跟踪以下儿童 之前参与了2个时间点的数据收集，并提供了关于儿童的新数据，他们的主要 照顾者和他们的父亲在另外两个时间点。与之前的数据浪潮相结合 同样的儿童及其照顾者，该项目将产生关于儿童(5至17岁)的高质量信息 在代表研究区域的大样本中，时间跨度为6年。重点发展 书中捕捉到了进入学校、青春期和成年期的过渡。这项研究将说明复杂的方式 在这个模型中，家庭成员的迁徙预测了孩子的社会情感结果。《公约》的具体目标 项目是：1)调查照料者社会化和儿童社会情绪的相互影响 发展，2)确定家庭成员的移徙如何与社会情感结果相关联， 以及孩子、家庭和移民特征如何调节关联，以及3)探索父亲在 孩子的社会情绪结果，并比较这些孩子的父亲的家庭关系和社会化 谁参与了移民，谁不参与了移民。这是对先前研究的创新扩展；该项目将 对儿童的发展和迁入和迁出的动态提供更长和更详细的视角 他们的家庭。此外，包括对迁徙和非迁徙父亲的约谈有助于 对他们对儿童社会情感发展的独特贡献的创新调查 除了他们的经济贡献之外。移民父亲的婚姻质量预计会比非移民父亲差 流动父亲，这可能通过亲子关系间接影响孩子的社会情感结果 两性关系。关于移民成本和收益的新知识将对家庭有用，因为 他们适应移民给关系和照顾带来的变化，帮助政策制定者预期 移徙对儿童的社会情感福祉构成了挑战，并为儿童权利保护提供了信息。

Project Summary/Abstract Migration affects hundreds of millions of families worldwide. Migrants often leave family members in their origin communities, which can challenge the wellbeing among the children. It is not well understood how migration influences left-behind family members’ socialization of children or children’s social competence and adjustment problems in sending communities. Migration is expected to alter how family members engage with, make expectations for, and provide for children, and alter children’s experiences and resources. These challenges and opportunities are expected to affect children’s social competence and adjustment problems. For instance, family members’ migration is hypothesized to predict less monitoring by left-behind caregivers and, in turn, higher drug and alcohol use for children. Benefits of migration are also anticipated, for instance, children’s increased responsibilities may positively predict their behavioral control. The project will follow children who previously participated in 2 time points of data collection and provide new data on the children, their primary caregivers, and their fathers at 2 additional time points. In combination with the prior waves of data from the same children and their caregivers, the project will yield high-quality information about children (5 to 17 years old at Time 1) across 6 years in a large sample that is representative of the study area. Key developmental transitions into school, adolescence, and adulthood are captured. The research will illustrate the complex ways in which family members’ migration predicts children’s socio-emotional outcomes. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to investigate reciprocal effects of caregivers’ socialization and children’s socio-emotional development, 2) to determine how family members’ migration is associated with socio-emotional outcomes, and how child, family, and migration characteristics moderate associations, and 3) to explore fathers’ roles in children’s socio-emotional outcomes, and compare fathers’ familial relationships and socialization for those who do versus do not participate in migration. This is an innovative extension of prior research; the project will provide a longer and more detailed view of children’s development and the dynamics of migration in and out of their households. Furthermore, including migrating and non-migrating fathers’ interviews supports an innovative investigation of their unique contributions to children’s socio-emotional development that goes beyond their economic contributions. Migrating fathers are expected to have poorer marital quality than non- migrating fathers, which may indirectly affect children’s socio-emotional outcomes via parent-child relationships. The new knowledge developed about migration’s costs and benefits will be useful for families as they adapt to changes migration brings to relationships and caregiving, help policy makers anticipate the challenges migration poses to children’s socio-emotional wellbeing, and inform children’s rights protections.