International Collaborations in Infectious Disease Research (ICIDR) (U01)

描述（由申请人提供）：麻疹控制是许多发展中国家的公共卫生问题，也是中国公共卫生官员的重中之重。麻疹在中国某些地区的发病率较高，特别是在特定的亚人群中，2008年中国天津1岁以下儿童的发病率超过每10万人450例。由于中国公共卫生基础设施的限制，麻疹等疾病的控制工作往往没有充分的流行病学特征指导，也没有适当的实验室检测支持。虽然中国的公共卫生监测使人们对那里的麻疹传播有了初步的了解，但它只是不完全了解他们目前的资源密集型控制工作，迄今为止，没有发表的研究确定其人群中麻疹抗体的血清流行率。其他国家的经验表明，在中国更有效地控制麻疹将取决于开展流行病学上可靠的研究，更好地确定感染风险，并纳入实验室检测，以便估计人群对疾病的易感性。在建立良好的培训和研究合作基础上，我们将与中国天津市疾病预防控制中心开展两项补充研究：1)病例对照研究，确定最有可能感染麻疹的人群的特征和疾病发生的环境；2)血清阳性率研究，调查人群中麻疹中和抗体的存在，以更好地表征疾病易感性。这些研究结果最初将用于指导天津的麻疹控制工作，天津是中国麻疹发病率最高的地区之一。基于这些研究结果并在天津制定的成功控制策略将由中国国家疾病预防控制中心在整个中国公共卫生系统中传播，从而帮助实现其根除麻疹的既定目标。将与中国疾控中心联合开展流行病学和实验室方法方面的正式培训，以加强现有的天津疾控中心和国家公共卫生基础设施，以应对麻疹和其他传染病。相关性：控制麻疹是中国公共卫生官员的重中之重。疫苗接种工作的重点是儿童；这一重要战略显著减少了中国的疾病。不幸的是，它不足以有效地根除麻疹。需要根据中国麻疹流行病学和个体易感情况，采取新的和改进的疾病控制措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Measles control is a public health issue in many developing nations and remains a high priority for public health officials in China. Measles occurs at elevated rates in particular regions of China, especially in select subpopulations, exceeding 450 cases per 100,000 in <1 year olds in Tianjin, China, in 2008. Because of limitations in China's public health infrastructure, control efforts for diseases like measles are often not guided by adequate epidemiological characterization nor supported by appropriate laboratory testing. While China's public health surveillance allows for a rudimentary understanding of measles transmission there, it has only incompletely informed their current, resource intensive, control efforts and to date, no published study has established the sero-prevalence of measles antibodies in their population. Experience in other countries has demonstrated that more efficient and effective control of measles in China will be dependent on the conduct of epidemiologically sound studies that better characterize the risks for acquisition and incorporate laboratory testing to permit an estimate of population-level susceptibility to disease. Building on a well-established training and research collaborative, we will conduct two complementary studies working with the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Tianjin, China: 1) a case control study to determine the characteristics of those most likely to acquire measles and the settings in which disease occurs, and 2) a seroprevalence study investigating the presence of measles neutralizing antibodies in the population to better characterize disease susceptibility. The findings of these studies will initially be used to direct measles control efforts In Tianjin, one ofthe highest measles incidence locales in China. Successful control strategies based on these study results and developed in Tianjin will be disseminated throughout China's public health system by the national China CDC and therefore assist with their stated goal of measles eradication. Formal trainings in epidemiological and laboratory methods will be produced jointly with the China CDC to enhance existing Tianjin CDC and national public health infrastructure necessary to address measles and other infectious diseases. RELEVANCE: Control of measles is a high priority for Chinese public health officials. Vaccination efforts have focused on children; an important strategy that has significantly decreased disease in China. Unfortunately, it is not effective enough to eradicate measles. New and improved disease control efforts, based on the epidemiology of measles and susceptibility of individuals in China, are needed.