A T32 Translational Addition Research Fellowship

描述(申请人提供)：上瘾和相关的艾滋病毒传播、犯罪和暴力等公共卫生问题，给我们的国家造成了严重的损失，每年在医疗保健、生产力损失和监禁方面花费数十亿美元。随着神经科学和遗传学在过去20年中的快速发展，我们需要加快将这些知识转化为更有效的临床治疗成瘾的速度。相反，对于一些已知疗效的成瘾治疗方法，我们现在可以将新的神经科学和遗传工具应用于“反向翻译”，例如，找出为什么一种治疗方法对某些人很有效，而对另一些人却根本不起作用。为了帮助满足对熟练翻译研究人员的需求，本申请建议在宾夕法尼亚大学设立T32翻译成瘾研究奖学金。(博士前和博士后)培训计划将明确宾夕法尼亚大学长期存在的翻译传统，整合临床和基础研究的优势，培养学员，无论是临床还是临床前、博士或医学博士，他们将在未来十年促进成瘾科学的发展。对翻译的重视体现在项目的每一个层面--通过联合绩效评估机构(临床和基础、奇尔德里斯和皮尔斯博士)、内部和外部咨询委员会成员、正式的教学、“双重”(临床-临床前)指导，以及学员的指导研究项目。该计划的翻译重点是认识到成瘾是一种复杂的障碍，由遗传脆弱性、接触药物和一系列调节(例如，早期创伤、压力、文化规范)影响的相互作用决定。因此，学员将通过针对该项目的教学系列以及从分子和遗传研究到大脑系统(神经科学和神经成像)、临床治疗试验和药物政策的指导项目，向学员提供关于这些相互作用决定因素的最新知识。这一广泛的选择得益于该大学在成瘾研究方面的悠久历史，反映在几个学术研究中心(宾夕法尼亚大学成瘾研究中心、转化研究实验室/CNB、艾滋病研究中心、跨学科烟草使用研究中心、治疗研究所)和实验室(Lucki实验室、Mackler实验室)为该奖学金提供熟练且成功的导师。有指导的研究也在几个附属的治疗环境中进行(退伍军人事务部、普雷斯比-宾夕法尼亚大学、NIDA CTN网站、社区美沙酮诊所和流动艾滋病毒预防单元)，这对于将新的研究成果转化为“现实世界”至关重要。 公共卫生相关性：上瘾是复杂且昂贵的公共卫生问题，我们需要更有效的治疗。拟议的T32转化性成瘾研究奖学金将为受训人员提供框架和技能，以加快开发有效的成瘾治疗方法--同时为暴力、犯罪和艾滋病毒/艾滋病等与成瘾有关的公共卫生问题带来好处。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Addictions and the associated public health problems of HIV transmission, crime and violence, exact a severe toll on our nation, costing billions annually in health care, lost productivity, and incarceration. As there have been rapid advances in neuroscience and genetics in the past two decades, we need to speed the 'forward' translation of this knowledge into more effective clinical treatments for the addictions. Conversely, for addiction treatments with some known efficacy, we can now apply new neuroscience and genetic tools in 'backward-translation' ~ e.g., finding why a treatment works well for some individuals, yet not at all for others. To help meet the need for skilled translational researchers, this application proposes a T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania. The (pre- and post-doctoral) training program will make explicit a long-standing translational tradition at Penn, integrating clinical and basic research strengths to create trainees, whether clinical or preclinical, Ph.D.s or M.D.s, who will accelerate addiction science in the next decade. The emphasis on translation is reflected at each level of the program - through the Co-PIs (clinical and basic, Drs. Childress and Pierce), the internal and external advisory board members, the formal didactics, the "dual" (clinical - preclinical) mentoring, and in the trainees' mentored research projects. The translational emphasis of the program is driven by the recognition that addictions are complex disorders, multi-determined by interaction of genetic vulnerabilities, exposure to drug, and a host of modulating (e.g., early trauma, stress, cultural norms) influences. Trainees will thus be offered state-of-the-art knowledge about these interacting determinants through a didactic series specific to the program, and through mentored projects that may range from molecular and genetic studies, to brain systems (neuroscience and neuroimaging), to clinical treatment trials, and drug policy. This wide range of choices is enabled by the long history of excellence in addiction research at the University, reflected in the several academic research Centers (Penn-VA Addiction Research Center; Translational Research Laboratories/CNB; Center for Aids Research; Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center; Treatment Research Institute) and laboratories (Lucki lab, Mackler lab) offering skilled, successful mentors to the Fellowship. Mentored research also takes place within several affiliated treatment settings (VA, Presby- Penn, NIDA CTN sites, community methadone clinics, and mobile HIV Prevention units), critical for translating new research findings into the 'real world'. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The addictions are complex and expensive public health problems for which we need more effective treatments. The proposed T32 Translational Addiction Research Fellowship will give trainees the framework, and the skills, to speed the development of effective addiction treatments - with concomitant benefit for the addiction-linked public health problems of violence, crime and HIV/AIDs.