Socio-Cultural Stress Profiles, Stress Responses, and Health in Mexican American Adolescents

这一竞争性修订申请审查了COVID-19大流行扰乱墨西哥裔青少年日常生活的方式，这些青少年正在向年轻的成年人过渡。这些来自移民家庭的低收入新兴成年人是语言经纪人，他们为英语有限的父母进行语言和文化方面的翻译和口译。COVID-19大流行加剧了他们每天面临的社会文化压力和健康差距。关键是要捕捉COVID-19相关压力源如何可能改变他们的健康轨迹，因为过渡时期（例如，从高中到青年）和环境不确定性（例如，COVID-19）提供了机会来研究在生命过程中个体差异在哪里变得明显，以及健康轨迹的变化是如何形成的。在COVID-19大流行爆发前从青春期早期到晚期收集的三波青少年数据将与COVID-19爆发后收集的另外两波在线数据相关联。我们首先研究COVID-19压力状况对健康结果的影响。然后，我们测试了COVID-19相关的压力状况如何影响行为和生理上的压力反应，从而影响健康结果。具体而言，对COVID-19相关压力源的适应性反应是否为健康结果提供了恢复力的途径，而对于那些以适应不良的方式经历COVID-19社会文化压力源的人来说，情况可能恰恰相反。此外，我们建议测试是否从社会文化压力档案的压力反应健康结果的协会加剧或减轻通过各种主持人。将通过皮质醇评估生理应激反应。通过为期四天的每日日记研究，将测量每日皮质醇、睡眠和物质使用对COVID-19相关压力源的反应。最初的墨西哥裔青少年样本首先作为中学生（第1波）进行抽样，一年后（第2波）再次抽样。R21的第一年的目标是在过渡到高中后对同一组青少年进行重新采样，以测试青少年早期社会文化压力源的经历如何纵向影响压力反应和健康结果。到2020年3月，主要是在美国爆发COVID-19大流行之前，我们完成了建议的W3数据收集，以实现R21第1年的既定目标。在2020年夏天开始的R21的第二年，研究中的青少年将从高中过渡到成年。该补充将与R21补助金的第二年相吻合，这是捕捉新兴成年人健康轨迹的关键时刻，也是为确定COVID-19大流行对其成年人健康的长期影响奠定基础的有利时机。该项目有可能发现可以减少墨西哥移民家庭可能因COVID-19而导致的持续健康差异的流程和做法。

This competitive revision application examines ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic disrupts the daily lives of Mexican-origin adolescents who are making the transition to young adulthood. This unique sample of low- income emerging adults from immigrant families are language brokers, who translate and interpret both linguistically and culturally for their English-limited parents. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the socio- cultural stressors and health disparities they face on a daily basis. It is critical to capture how COVID-19 related stressors may potentially alter their health trajectories, as periods of transition (e.g., from high school to young adulthood) and environmental uncertainty (e.g., COVID-19) provide opportunities to examine where in the life course individual differences become apparent and how changes in health trajectories take shape. The three waves of data on adolescents collected from early to late adolescence before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic will be linked to two additional waves of online data collected after the onset of COVID-19. We first examine the impact of COVID-19 stress profiles on health outcomes. We then test how COVID-19 related stress profiles influence stress responses both behaviorally and physiologically to influence health outcomes. Specifically, whether adaptive responses to COVID-19 related stressors provide avenues of resilience in health outcomes, whereas the opposite may be the case for those who experience COVID-19 socio-cultural stressors in maladaptive ways. Further, we propose to test whether the associations from socio-cultural stress profiles to stress responses to health outcomes are exacerbated or mitigated through various moderators. Physiological stress responses will be assessed via cortisol. Through a four-day daily diary study, day-to-day cortisol, sleep, and substance use responses to COVID-19 related stressors will be measured. The original sample of Mexican-origin early adolescents were sampled first as middle schoolers (Wave 1) and again one year later (Wave 2). The goal of the first year of the R21 was to re-sample the same set of adolescents after their transition to high school, in order to test how early adolescent experiences of socio-cultural stressors longitudinally influence stress responses and health outcomes. By March 2020, largely before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., we completed the proposed W3 data collection to reach the stated goals of Year 1 of the R21. In Year 2 of the R21, which starts in the summer of 2020, the adolescents in the study will be making the transition from high school to young adulthood. The supplement will coincide with Year 2 of the R21 grant, a critical juncture for capturing the health trajectories of emerging adults, and an opportune time to lay the foundation for determining the COVID-19 pandemic’s long-term influence on their adult health. This project has the potential to uncover processes and practices that can reduce persistent health disparities in Mexican immigrant families that may result from COVID-19.