Studies of Non-Ionizing Radiation-Related Cancer

脑肿瘤和脑癌的病因尚不清楚，在过去的几十年里，有记录的发病率急剧上升。根据这些发现，并进一步了解脑肿瘤的环境，行为和遗传原因，我们进行了恶性和良性脑肿瘤（胶质瘤，脑膜瘤和听神经瘤）的病例对照研究。电工和农民患神经胶质瘤的风险较高，而汽车车身油漆工患脑膜瘤的风险较高。对电磁辐射、铅和杀虫剂进行了详细的职业暴露评估。没有发现电磁辐射与脑膜瘤和铅有关联，但是脑膜瘤和铅有关联。没有一致的证据表明六种氯化溶剂中的任何一种与胶质瘤或脑膜瘤的风险之间存在关联，尽管有有限的证据表明四氯化碳与胶质瘤的风险之间存在关联。最近的遗传分析表明，脑肿瘤风险与细胞因子、细胞凋亡/细胞周期控制、DNA修复和氧化应激基因的多态性有关。这些途径的发现正在进行更大规模和更全面的研究。众所周知，电离辐射会增加患癌症的风险，但没有一致的证据表明非电离射频辐射（手机）或磁场（电力线和电器）暴露会增加患癌症的风险。由于公众和国会的关注，辐射流行病学处（REB）启动了一项早期病例对照研究，发现手机使用与神经胶质瘤、脑膜瘤或听神经瘤的风险之间没有关系。美国神经胶质瘤发病率的时间趋势研究表明，尽管手机使用急剧增加，但神经胶质瘤发病率并没有上升。随后的REB评估表明，升高的胶质细胞

Case referent study of brain tumors - 04030 The etiology of brain tumors and brain cancer is poorly understood, and recorded incidence rates have increased dramatically over the past several decades. In response to these findings, and to advance understanding of environmental, behavioral and genetic causes of brain tumors, we conducted a case-control study of malignant and benign brain tumors (glioma, meningioma and acoustic neuroma). Excess risks of glioma were found among electricians and farmers, and an elevated risk of meningioma was seen among auto-body painters. Detailed occupational exposure assessments were conducted for electromagnetic radiation, lead, and pesticides. No associations were seen for electromagnetic radiation, but an association was suggested for meningioma and lead. No consistent evidence was found of an association between any of six chlorinated solvents and risk of glioma or meningioma although there was limited evidence of an association between carbon tetrachloride and risk of glioma. Recent genetic analyses have indicated associations between brain tumor risk and polymorphisms in cytokine, apoptosis/cell cycle control, DNA repair and oxidative stress genes. Findings for these pathways are being followed up in larger and more comprehensive studies. Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risks Ionizing radiation is known to increase cancer risks, but there is no consistent evidence that non-ionizing radiofrequency radiation (cell phones) or magnetic field (power lines and electrical appliances) exposures increase cancer risk. As a result of public and Congressional concern, the Radiation Epidemiology Branch (REB) launched an early case-control study and found no relationship between cell phone use and risk of glioma, meningioma or acoustic neuroma. A study of time trends in glioma incidence in the U.S. led by REB showed no rise despite dramatic increases in cell phone use. A subsequent REB assessment demonstrated that the elevated gliom