Cardiac Toxicity of Flavorings in Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

尼古丁电子给药系统中香料的心脏毒性 烟草吸烟正在下降，但电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS）的使用正在增加。 越来越受欢迎，特别是在青少年和年轻的成年人年龄组。虽然烟草的心脏毒性 吸烟已被广泛研究，并已确立，ENDS可能的心脏毒性 产品和它们的设计特征，例如添加的调味剂，在很大程度上未被充分研究。例如， 电子尼古丁输送的形式称为vaping，使用“电子液体”以产生“电子蒸汽”， 含有尼古丁和香料烟雾状雾化混合物。在这里，我们建议调查电子液体如何 在细胞培养物和动物模型中，具有不同风味的化合物影响心脏的体外和体内毒性。我们 假设吸入暴露于电子液体调味剂会增加心脏氧化应激， 电生理毒性和致痫性。我们将在三个目标进行研究：1） 研究电子液体调味剂的体外心脏危害和毒性，2）-研究体内心脏毒性， 电子液体调味料的危害和毒性，以及3）-研究氧化应激在介导电子液体调味料中的作用。 电子液体调味剂的心脏毒性。我们认为，这项建议将产生新的、有益的和重点突出的成果， 使用功能和细胞的电子液体调味剂的潜在体内和体外不良影响的见解 心脏损害的指标。希望我们的发现能有助于我们更好地理解 ENDS产品设计中的调味剂方面可能会引起体内和体外心脏毒性。

CARDIAC TOXICITY OF FLAVORINGS IN ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS Tobacco cigarette smoking is on the decline, but the usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is gaining popularity, specifically in the teen and young adult age groups. While the cardiac toxicity of tobacco cigarette smoking has been widely studied and is well established, the possible cardiac toxicity of ENDS products and their design characteristics, such as added flavorings, are largely underexplored. For instance, a form of electronic nicotine delivery known as vaping, uses “e-liquid” in order to generate “e-vapor”, an inhalable smoke-like aerosolized mixture containing nicotine and flavors. Here, we propose to investigate how e-liquids with different flavors affect cardiac in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity, in cell culture and in animal models. Our hypothesis is that inhalation exposure to e-liquid flavorings increases cardiac oxidative stress, leading to electrophysiological toxicity and arrhythmogenesis. We will conduct our studies in three aims: 1)- To investigate the in-vitro cardiac harm and toxicity of e-liquid flavorings, 2)- To investigate the in-vivo cardiac harm and toxicity of e-liquid flavorings, and 3)- To investigate the role of oxidative stress in mediating the cardiac toxicity of e-liquid flavorings. We believe that this proposal will produce new, useful and focused insights into the potential in-vivo and in-vitro adverse effects of e-liquid flavorings using functional and cellular indicators of cardiac harm. Our findings will hopefully be valuable in increasing our understanding of whether the flavoring aspect of ENDS products design could cause cardiac in- vivo and in- vitro toxicities.