Neighborhood characteristics, GPS-based activity space, and cognitive health

项目总结/摘要 独立之路奖的这一五年计划将有助于启动金世贤博士的独立 研究生涯侧重于环境/行为因素，修改认知老化的轨迹， 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）。她提出的目标使用地理空间和基于GPS的 方法来全面表征邻里对认知健康的影响。她提出的 培训将补充她在流动认知和认知老化方面的专业知识， 流行病学（Lipton博士），空间分析和城市健康（Lovasi博士）和生物统计学（Hall博士）。的 拟议的研究和培训计划将利用爱因斯坦老龄化研究和现有的丰富数据集， 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的资源。这项研究的结果将确定个人和 ADRD的背景水平风险特征，最终将支持个性化和人群水平 干预措施，特别是在弱势群体中。 我们对ADRD的风险和保护因素的了解取得了重要进展， 包括探索邻里环境对认知的影响的研究。虽然大多数研究 使用的数据来自地理空间定义的社区的客观测量，个人对他们的感知， 社区和个人对社区环境的特定体验可能因个人而异 即使在同一个区域。本项目旨在研究邻里特征的影响， 通过（i）客观的、地理空间定义的和主观的邻域方面和（ii）基于GPS的， 个人特定活动空间测量，认知下降，ADRD和认知健康差异。的PI 将处理和分析从爱因斯坦衰老研究年度生态瞬间收集的数据， 电池评估智能手机的连续GPS跟踪将允许描述个人特定的特征 邻近体验（即，活动空间）。认知结果将每年由两个 常规神经心理学测试和基于智能手机的动态评估（6次/天），持续14天 每年随访的突发数据收集期。在K99阶段，PI将检查如何客观和 主观邻近方面与认知结果相关联（目标1）。在此阶段，PI还将 完成空间分析方面的培训，并在此基础上处理GPS数据和开发/验证活动 空间措施。在R 00阶段，PI将检查基于GPS的活动空间与 认知和大脑健康（目标2），以及亚组（例如，生理性别、种族、载脂蛋白E e4）差异， （目标3）。目标1到3的结果将为第四个奖励年的R 01申请提供基础。 关键词：活动空间，邻里，城市健康，GPS，地理信息系统，空间分析， 生态瞬时评估，动态认知，认知老化，ADRD，差异。

Project Summary/Abstract This five-year plan for the Pathway to Independence Award will help launch Dr. Jinshil Hyun’s independent research career focused on environmental/behavioral factors that modify trajectories of cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease and associated dementia (ADRD). Her proposed aims use geospatial and GPS-based methods to comprehensively characterize the impact of neighborhood on cognitive health. Her proposed training will supplement her expertise in ambulatory cognition and cognitive aging with a foundation in neuro- epidemiology (Dr. Lipton), spatial analysis and urban health (Dr. Lovasi), and biostatistics (Dr. Hall). The proposed research and training plan will leverage rich dataset from the Einstein Aging Study and existing resources at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The findings from this study will identify person- and contextual-level risk profiles for ADRD, which will ultimately support personalized and population-level interventions, especially among vulnerable populations. There have been important advances in our understanding of risk and protective factors for ADRD, including studies that explore the impact of neighborhood environments on cognition. Although most studies used data from objective measures of geospatially-defined neighborhoods, individuals’ perception of their neighborhoods and person-specific experience of neighborhood environments may vary among individuals even within the same area. This project aims to investigate the influence of neighborhood characteristics, assessed by (i) objective, geospatially-defined and subjective neighborhood aspects and (ii) GPS-based, person-specific activity space measures, on cognitive decline, ADRD, and cognitive health disparities. The PI will process and analyze data collected from the Einstein Aging Study’s annual ecological momentary assessments battery. Continuous GPS tracking from smartphones will allow to characterize person-specific neighborhood experiences (i.e., activity space). Cognitive outcomes will be measured by both yearly conventional neuropsychological tests and smartphone-based ambulatory assessments (6x/day) over 14-day burst data collection periods each year of follow-up. In the K99 phase, the PI will examine how objective and subjective neighborhood aspects are associated with cognitive outcomes (Aim 1). In this phase, the PI will also complete training in spatial analysis, and based on that, will process GPS data and develop/validate activity space measures. In the R00 phase, the PI will examine the associations of GPS-based activity space with cognitive and brain health (Aim 2), and subgroup (e.g., biological sex, race, APOE e4) differences in the associations (Aim 3). Aims 1 to 3 results will provide the basis for an R01 application in the fourth award year. Keywords: activity space, neighborhood, urban health, GPS, Geographic information system, spatial analysis, ecological momentary assessments, ambulatory cognition, cognitive aging, ADRD, disparities.