Development of a low dose clinical lung screening prototype for early detection of COPD and lung cancer using a novel x-ray source to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry

项目摘要/摘要 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和肺癌分别位居第三和第六位 世界范围内常见的死因。一个主要的挑战是没有有效的筛查 能够及早发现这些疾病的方法以及当这些疾病最终 一旦发现，它们往往处于晚期，几乎没有有效的治疗策略。在……里面 在肺癌的案例中，超过一半的人在确诊后一年内死亡。 暗场(基于散射的)x射线对比度最近已被证明可以提供令人兴奋的 早期检测肺部病变的能力，包括癌症和慢性阻塞性肺病的剂量 可与传统的胸部摄影相媲美。这种对比机制有很大不同 来自当前的方法，这些方法使用x射线的吸收来进行对比，而不是 X射线的散射。访问此对比机制提供的信息需要 新兴的基于光栅的X射线技术被称为Talbot-Lau干涉测量，它使用三套 用于实现对比度的栅格(源、位相和探测器)。然而，一个关键的瓶颈是 在人体成像所需的高X射线能量(~60keV)下使用这项技术 胸部是一个具有所需纵横比的源栅，不能制造。 我们建议使用一种主要的x射线源创新来开发一种肺暗视野成像原型。 这消除了对x射线源光栅的需要，使塔尔博特-刘干涉测量能够在高 X射线能量。该系统将关键地使临床潜力的演示成为可能 用于早期发现肺部病变的暗场摄影。 拟议的第一阶段为期6个月的项目是对无栅格Talbot-Lau的原理验证 在体模上设置面包板。拟议的第二期为期24个月的项目是开发一个 完成了原型系统并对其性能进行了实验验证。

Project Summary/Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are the third and sixth most common causes of death worldwide. One major challenge is that there are no effective screening methods capable of early detection of these diseases and when these diseases are finally detected, they are often at advanced stages for which few effective treatment strategies exist. In the case of lung cancer, more than half of people die within the year of diagnosis. Darkfield (scattering-based) x-ray contrast has been recently demonstrated to provide exciting capabilities for early detection of lung pathologies, including cancer and COPD at doses comparable to conventional chest radiography. This contrast mechanism differs significantly from current approaches, which use the absorption of x-rays for contrast rather than the scattering of x-rays. Accessing information provided by this contrast mechanism requires an emerging grating-based x-ray technique called Talbot-Lau interferometry, which uses three sets of gratings (source, phase, and detector) to achieve contrast. However, a critical bottleneck for using this technique at the high x-ray energies (~60 keV) required for imaging through a human chest is a source grating with the aspect ratios required cannot be fabricated. We propose to develop a lung darkfield imaging prototype using a major x-ray source innovation that removes the need for the x-ray source grating to enable Talbot-Lau interferometry at high x-ray energies. The system will critically enable demonstrations of the clinical potential of darkfield radiography for early detection of lung pathologies. The proposed Phase I 6-month project is a proof-of-principle of a grating-less Talbot-Lau breadboard set-up on a phantom. The proposed Phase II 24-month project is to develop a complete prototype system and experimentally verify its performance.