Undesired Pregnancies during the Transition to Adulthood

控制是否怀孕以及何时怀孕是一项人权。然而，尽管美国已经40多年了。 卫生和公众服务部优先考虑减少意外怀孕，但比率仍然很高 [49].这至少在一定程度上是因为，尽管对这一主题进行了大量研究，但我们仍然相对较少。 了解为什么有些妇女能够得到他们想要的怀孕方面，而其他人没有。 这项研究采取了一种创新的方法，从两个方面来理解这个难题，这使我能够 克服了两个长期存在的障碍，我们理解意外怀孕。首先，我采用了一种独特的， 创新的理论框架-特质-欲望-意图-行为（TDIB）框架， 很大程度上被人口统计学家所忽视。TDIB有很大的潜力，有助于我们了解 意外怀孕，因为它是专门为此目的而设计的;它侧重于潜在的 欲望和意图之间以及意图和行为之间的不匹配。第二，我用一种独特的 对18岁和19岁女性的纵向混合方法研究，关系动态和社会生活 （RDSL）研究，其中包括前瞻性测量的怀孕欲望和半结构化访谈 （n=75）随后怀孕和非怀孕的受访者。半结构化面试， 特别是非怀孕的采访，几乎完全没有分析，并且是专门设计的， 创造关于意外怀孕的新假设和证据。首先，我们采访了一位 一组40名RDSL受访者（均匀分布在白色/黑人和贫困/非贫困群体）， 在2.5年的研究期间怀孕。(The绝大多数是不受欢迎的）。二是 采访了一个对照组（n=32），他们在种族和贫困群体中分布相似，但 在研究期间避免怀孕。使用系统的异常案例分析策略[75]， 溯因法产生具有“令人惊讶”的新假设（即，在这种情况下， 模型）的情况下，我们选择了受访者的高模型为基础的怀孕倾向，基于风险 模型使用2.5年的调查数据。我们将这些采访分布在另外三个小组， 调查回答：那些零或非零怀孕愿望，一个或多个亲密伴侣， 完美或不完美的避孕方法。 我建议使用NVivo软件和定性分析技术来分析半结构化 通过比较怀孕和非怀孕的受访者进行访谈，他们在三个方面存在差异： 怀孕欲望、亲密关系和避孕措施的使用。我也会比较孕妇和非孕妇的情况。 怀孕的受访者谁匹配在这些领域，以产生和评估新的假设， 而不是专注于这些领域。最后，我将利用这些分析来进一步解释和扩展TDIB 理论框架，并将其更广泛地传播给人口学家。

Controlling whether and when a pregnancy occurs is a human right. Yet, despite more than 40 years of the U.S. Department Health and Human Services prioritizing the reduction of undesired pregnancies, rates remain high [49]. This is at least in part because despite a great deal of research on this topic, we still have relatively little understanding of why some women are able to get what they want in terms of pregnancy while others are not. This study takes an innovative approach to understanding this puzzle in two ways, which allow me to overcome two persistent barriers to our understanding of undesired pregnancies. First, I apply a unique and innovative theoretical framework—the Traits-Desires-Intentions-Behavior (TDIB) framework—that has been largely neglected by demographers. The TDIB has great potential to contribute to our understanding of undesired pregnancies because it was specifically designed for this purpose; it focuses on the potential mismatches between desires and intentions, and between intentions and behaviors. Second, I use a unique longitudinal, mixed-method study of 18- and 19-year-old women, the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study, which includes both prospectively measured pregnancy desires and semi-structured interviews (n=75) with subsequently pregnant and non-pregnant respondents. The semi-structured interviews, particularly the non-pregnancy interviews, remain almost entirely un-analyzed, and were designed specifically to generate innovative new hypotheses and evidence about undesired pregnancies. First, we interviewed a group of 40 RDSL respondents, (distributed evenly across white/Black and poverty/non-poverty groups) who experienced pregnancies during the 2.5-year study period. (The vast majority were undesired.) Second, we interviewed a comparison group (n=32) who were similarly distributed across race and poverty groups, but who avoided pregnancy during the study period. Using a systematic anomalous case analysis strategy [75], an abductive approach to generating new hypotheses with “surprising” (i.e., in this case, unpredicted by statistical models) cases, we selected respondents with high model-based propensity for pregnancy, based on a hazard model using the 2.5 years of survey data. We distributed these interviews across three additional groups, based on survey responses: those with zero or non-zero pregnancy desire, one or multiple intimate partners, and perfect or imperfect contraceptive use. I propose to use NVivo software and qualitative analysis techniques to analyze the semi-structured interviews by comparing the pregnant and non-pregnant respondents who differ in terms of three domains: pregnancy desires, intimate relationships, and contraceptive use. I will also compare pregnant and non- pregnant respondents who match in terms of these domains, to generate and evaluate new hypotheses that do not focus on these domains. Finally, I will use these analyses to further explicate and expand the TDIB theoretical framework and disseminate it more widely to demographers.