Measure Development to Advance the Scientific Study of Minority Stress in Transgender Individuals

针对变性人和性别多样性（TGD）人的生活采取的措施， 这一边缘化社区所面临的一些压力源不发达或根本不存在。 目前，还没有专门从少数民族的压力中发展出理解少数民族压力的理论框架。 并用TGD样品验证。相反，研究在很大程度上应用了少数民族压力框架， 对于顺性别的女同性恋者，男同性恋者和双性恋者，这导致缺乏对独特性的承认。 TGD特异性应激源这导致对TGD人的新奇经历的评估有限。这 这项研究将在三项先前研究的基础上解决现有研究的这一局限性 发现并定义了独特的，特定于TGD的少数民族压力源-其中大多数是不存在的 措施进行评估。这些压力源是：性别错误或非肯定（以某种方式引用TGD人） 与他们当前的性别认同不同或否定他们当前的性别认同并使他们的性别无效）;替代压力（痛苦 由于暴露于来自其他TGD人或TGD人的社会表征的压力叙述）;身体 高度警惕（对自己的身体和性别被他人监视感到紧张和焦虑）; 过渡身份压力（一个人目前的身份和过去的性别认同之间的紧张关系， 由于内部过程和背景因素而表现出来）;性别压力（由于二元 对性别的期望，例如性别不符合二元期望或感觉性别有限 由于性别规范的表达）;和有限的未来方向（感觉一个人的未来是有限的， 由于压迫和关于TGD生活的社会叙述而导致的质量或时间）。这项研究将分两个阶段进行： 第1阶段将侧重于度量开发，第2阶段将侧重于度量验证。第1阶段将 包括：从过去定性研究结果中发展出初始项目，采用TGD进行认知访谈（N = 30 这些措施，并由一个专家小组审查措施。这些措施将被修改 在这个过程的每一步。在第2阶段，我们将通过多管齐下的方法招募TGD参与者（N = 900）。 方法完成一项调查，以验证第一阶段制定的措施。对于6项措施中的每一项， 我们会进行因素分析，以评估因素结构和项目负荷，并按需要作出修改。 在这些措施最终确定之后，我们将评估 第1阶段和类似的结构，以评估收敛效度;第1阶段的措施和措施，其他 少数压力源，以评估判别效度;第1阶段措施和心理健康结果，以评估 效标效度最后，我们将评估项目级和规模级的内容效度通过评级，由我们的专家 面板专家小组将对这些措施进行审查，然后由 社区咨询委员会。这一措施的发展有可能大大提高科学研究 TGD特定的少数民族压力源，迫切需要改善未来的研究与这一人口。

Measures specific to the lives of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are significantly underdeveloped or non-existent for some of the stressors encountered by this marginalized community. Currently, no theoretical frameworks for understanding minority stress have been developed specifically from and validated with TGD samples. Instead, research has largely applied minority stress frameworks developed for cisgender lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, which results in a lack of acknowledgement of unique TGD-specific stressors. This has resulted in limited assessment of the novel experiences of TGD people. This study will address this limitation of existing research by building on the findings of three prior research studies that have uncovered and defined unique, TGD-specific minority stressors – most of which there are no existing measures to assess. These stressors are: misgendering or non-affirmation (referencing TGD people in ways that differ from or negate their current gender identity and invalidate their gender); vicarious stress (distress due to exposure to stress narratives from other TGD people or social representations of TGD people); bodily hypervigilance (feeling on edge and anxious about one's body and gender being monitored by others); transitioning identity stress (tension between one's current identity and past gender identification which may manifest due to internal processes and contextual factors); gender strain (stress experienced due to binary expectations of gender, such as gender not aligning with binary expectations or feeling limited in gender expression due to gender norms); and limited future orientation (feeling that one's future is limited either in quality or time due to oppression and social narratives about TGD lives). This study will entail two phases: Phase 1 will focus on measure development and Phase 2 will focus on measure validation. Phase 1 will include: initial item development from past qualitative findings, cognitive interviews (N = 30) with TGD individuals with these measures, and review of the measures by an expert panel. The measures will be revised at each step of the process. In Phase 2, we will recruit TGD participants (N = 900) via a multi-pronged approach to complete a survey to validate the measures developed in Phase 1. For each of the 6 measures, we will conduct a factor analysis to assess factor structure and item loadings, making modifications as needed. After the measures have been finalized, we will evaluate correlations between the measures developed in Phase 1 and similar constructs to evaluate convergent validity; Phase 1 measures and measures of other minority stressors to asses discriminant validity; Phase 1 measures and mental health outcomes to assess criterion validity. Finally, we will assess item-level and scale-level content validity via ratings by our expert panel. The expert panel will provide a review of the measures and this will be followed by a final review by the community advisory board. This measure development has the potential to greatly enhance the scientific study of TGD specific minority stressors and is urgently needed to improve future research with this population.