Examining the daily stress of mid-life adults in the built and natural environment

在美国，中年人在劳动力中停留的时间更长，参与的程度更高。 身体活动比前几代人，潜在地扩展了他们与建筑元素的互动， 自然环境影响他们的日常压力体验。各种类型的关系 压力和认知功能的改变已经有很好的记录，越来越多的证据表明， 中年日常压力与认知能力下降之间的关系。即使中年人构成了一个 在目前美国人口的最大部分中，关于日常生活经验的数据相对较少。 压力和健康的影响。中年人的感知压力也与 在以后的生活中身体残疾。不同社会经济地位和种族的中年人都受到 生活环境的结构性不平等。生活在城市环境中的贫困程度较高的人 和暴力是经历更高水平的环境压力比那些生活在郊区或农村 环境.有充分的证据表明，黑人比白人更容易受到环境压力。在 这是NIH行为干预发展阶段模型的第0阶段研究，我们建议使用我们的新方法， 定制的自由生活环境压力报告（ESTVE）生态瞬时评估（EMA） 移动的手机应用程序来衡量中年人在自由生活条件下的日常压力体验。使用我们 一个新的应用程序和捕捉数据在真实的时间将使我们能够确定（1）在哪里和何时发生日常压力， 中年人，（2）中年人的日常压力源是否与建筑和自然的某些因素有关 环境，以及（3）EMA测量的每日压力是否与“金标准”每日 压力事件清单（DISE）测量工具，可以在一天结束时， 生活成年人（用于美国中年调查（MIDUS））。这些数据将扩大我们对 中年人在自由生活条件下的压力体验，并为数据驱动的个人和 以社区为基础的干预设计，以促进中年人的健康和福祉。潜在的干预措施 这可能源于我们的数据，包括基于技术的“及时”干预， 位置，基于正念的干预措施，包括环境压力触发器，以及基于社区的 旨在消除中年人通常经历的环境压力的干预措施 (e.g.,拥挤的地区）。

In the United States, mid-life adults are staying in the workforce longer and are engaging in higher levels of physical activity than previous generations, potentially extending their interactions with elements of the built and natural environments that influence their experience of daily stress. The relationship between various types of stress and alterations in cognitive functioning has been well documented, and there is growing evidence showing a relationship between daily stress in mid-life and cognitive decline. Even though mid-life adults constitute one of the largest portions of the current U.S. population, there is relatively little data about the experience of daily stress and health outcomes in this age group. Perceived stress in mid-life adults has also been closely linked with physical disability later in life. Mid-life adults of different socioeconomic status and race are subject to structural inequality in their living environments. Those living in urban environments with higher levels of poverty and violence are experience higher levels of environmental stress than those living in suburban or rural environments. It is well documented that Blacks are exposed to environmental stressors more than Whites. In this Stage 0 study of the NIH Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development, we propose to use our novel custom-built Stress Reports in Free-living Environments (STRIVE) ecological momentary assessment (EMA) mobile phone app to measure the experience of daily stress of mid-life adults in free-living conditions. Using our novel app and capturing data in real time will allow us to determine (1) where and when daily stress happens for mid-life adults, (2) whether mid-life adults’ daily stressors are linked to certain elements of the built and natural environment, and (3) whether EMA measurement of daily stress is comparable to the ‘gold standard’ Daily Inventory of Stressful Events (DISE) measurement tool that captures daily stress at the end of the day in mid- life adults (used in Midlife in the United State Survey (MIDUS)). These data will expand our understanding of mid-life adults’ experience of stress in free living conditions and pave the way for data-driven individual and community-based intervention designs to promote health and well-being in mid-life adults. Potential interventions that could stem from our data include technology based ‘just in time’ interventions that account for spatiotemporal location, mindfulness-based interventions that incorporate environmental stress triggers, and community-based interventions designed to eliminate environmental stressors that are commonly experienced by mid-life adults (e.g., congested areas).