Flexible representation of speech in the supratemporal plane.

项目摘要 言语交际在向他人传达我们的思想、保持社会联系以及 支持教育成就。因此，影响言语感知的沟通障碍， 孤独症、阅读障碍和听力损失对个人和社会都是代价高昂的。了解 语音处理的神经生物学基础是一个重要的目标， 神经外科环境中的电生理学。然而，大量的行为证据表明， 语音输入到音素的映射方面，尚未在神经生物学模型中考虑。 这个探索性/发展性R21项目追求的核心假设是， 影响皮层对语音的反应，因此影响信号传导中声学维度的诊断性 音素一个新成立的跨学科研究小组将使用脑内记录， 立体脑电图（sEEG）在神经外科背景下获得，以追求这一假设。像 皮质电描记术（ECoG）中，sEEG提供高时空分辨率并且可以靶向皮质表面， 包括上级颞回（STG）。由于皮质内电极放置，sEEG电极记录 通过颞上平面，专门针对深沟和回灰质，包括上级 颞沟（STS）和Heschl's回（HG）。同时头皮脑电图（EEG）将 获得这些皮质内措施与非侵入性方法适当的研究健康 听众目标1将建立神经反应的两个声学语音的功能，知觉 它们用其来表示音素身份的权重。这将为每位参与者提供基线响应， 作为实验操作的比较，以在目标2中收听上下文移位感知权重，并且将 建立知觉加权策略的个体差异如何预测皮层电生理 反应目标2将介绍两种成熟的操作，从行为上讲，转移感知权重 相对于基线：引入噪声和引入“口音”， 偏离了母语的分布规律。实验操作检查 受试者内将提供一种灵敏的方法，通过该方法测定神经反应的变化， 感知权重的变化在整个收听上下文中产生。稍后将对参与者进行抽样调查 青春期（15-25岁），在此期间，感知权重提供信息异质性。的 该项目将通过填补语音处理理解方面的重要空白，建立一个 从患者的侵入性电生理学研究到人类听众的头皮EEG测量的桥梁 通过结合sEEG+EEG，结合经典和最先进的计算方法， 机制，并提供了一个动态的理解，灵活的性质，语音处理， 对沟通障碍的实质性影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY Speech communication plays a crucial role in conveying our thoughts to others, maintaining social ties, and supporting educational achievement. As a result, communication disorders that impact speech perception like autism, dyslexia, and hearing loss can be costly to both individuals and society. Understanding the neurobiological bases of speech processing is an important goal that has been hastened by invasive intracranial electrophysiology in neurosurgical contexts. Yet, substantial behavioral evidence demonstrates dynamic, flexible aspects of the mapping of speech input to phonemes that is not yet accounted for in neurobiological models. This Exploratory/Developmental R21 project pursues the central hypothesis that listening context systematically impacts cortical response to speech and therefore affects the diagnosticity of acoustic dimensions in signaling phonemes. A newly established cross-disciplinary research team will use intracerebral recording via stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) obtained in a neurosurgical context to pursue this hypothesis. Like electrocorticography (ECoG), sEEG offers high spatiotemporal resolution and can target the cortical surface, including superior temporal gyrus (STG). Owing to the intracortical electrode placement, sEEG electrodes record through the supratemporal plane, specifically targeting both deep sulcal and gyral grey matter including superior temporal sulcus (STS) and Heschl’s gyrus (HG). Simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) will be acquired to link these intracortical measures with noninvasive approaches appropriate in studies of healthy listeners. Aim 1 will establish neural response to two acoustic-phonetic dimensions as a function of the perceptual weight with which they signal phoneme identity. This will provide a baseline response for each participant for comparison as experimental manipulations to listening context shift perceptual weights in Aim 2, and will establish how individual differences in perceptual weighting strategies predict cortical electrophysiological response. Aim 2 will introduce two well-established manipulations that, behaviorally, shift perceptual weights relative to baseline: introduction of noise and introduction of an ‘accent’ for which the short-term speech input deviates from distributional regularities of the native language. Examination of experimental manipulations within-participant will provide a sensitive means by which to assay changes in neural response as a function of changes in perceptual weights arising across listening contexts. Participants will be sampled across later adolescence (15-25 years), a period during which perceptual weights provide informative heterogeneity. The project will compound its impact by filling an important gap in understanding of speech processing, building a bridge from invasive electrophysiological studies with patients to scalp EEG measures of human listeners through combined sEEG+EEG, wedding classic and state-of-the-art computational approaches to inform mechanisms, and delivering an understanding of the dynamic, flexible nature of speech processing with substantial implications for communication disorders.