Gendered Pandemic-Related Disparities in Latinx Immigrant Mental Health: Understanding the Social Context of Caregiving Roles, Social Support, and Access to Resources

项目总结 研究生Alejandra Lemus的长期目标是成为一名NIH资助的研究人员，从事HIGH 影响，创新性研究，考察多层次干预(包括政策变化)对 减少拉丁裔移民经历的社会不平等和心理健康差距。几乎14%的人 美国人口是移民(如果包括在美国出生的移民子女，则占人口的28%)， 拉丁裔移民占移民人口的40%。由于长期存在的结构性不平等， 新冠肺炎的流行对移民产生了不同程度的影响，特别是那些拉丁裔和低收入者。 母公司赠款旨在测试多层次方法，以减少新冠肺炎的不利后果 通过观察和实施对拉丁裔和黑人移民和难民产生不同影响的流行病 三个嵌套的干预级别。这一多样性补充将进一步加剧心理健康差距 通过对拉丁裔的心理健康、日常应激源和经济困境的交叉分析进行的研究 移民母亲，这是至关重要的，因为最近的研究表明，女性经历了 更严重的精神健康、日常应激源和大流行的经济影响。这些差异很可能是 由于多重因素，如与男性相比，照顾责任更高，收入更低， 暴露于政治、结构性和亲密伴侣暴力的比率。这些性别化的经历凸显了 注重性别和照料责任的跨部门方法的重要性，此外 移民身份、社会经济地位和种族/民族，以了解 是造成心理健康差距的原因之一。1140份Latinx数据的纵向混合方法 父母研究的移民将被利用来进行一项具有创新性的混合方法研究 序贯设计，其中最初的量化分析描述心理健康方面的性别差异，每日 在拉丁裔移民中的压力源和经济早熟(目标1)之后将定性分析 对部分参与者进行了访谈，以解释和阐述 这些结果(目标2)，然后进行随后的量化分析，以测试潜在的主持人和 定性调查结果提出的可能造成性别差异的机制(目标3)。在……里面 除了拟议的研究活动外，Lemus女士还将参与一项全面的培训计划， 提升她在4个关键领域的专业知识：混合方法和先进的定性和定量分析； 政策和结构分析；社区参与研究；跨部门跨国性别 分析。在一位主要导师和四位共同导师的指导下，她的培训包括定向阅读、课程作业、 指导研究活动，撰写和提交3篇会议摘要，4篇第一作者论文，a 双语政策简报和社区报告，以及F32应用程序。总而言之，拟议的研究和培训 经验将为Lemus女士提供重要的机会，并加强父母赠款的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY Graduate student Alejandra Lemus’ long-term goal is to become a NIH-funded researcher engaged in high impact, innovative research that examines the effects of multilevel interventions (including policy change) on reducing social inequities and mental health disparities experienced by Latinx immigrants. Almost 14% of the U.S. population are immigrants (28% of the population when including U.S.-born children of immigrants), with Latinx immigrants comprising 40% of the immigrant population. Due to long-standing structural inequities, the COVID-19 pandemic has disparately impacted immigrants, particularly those who are Latinx and low-income. The parent grant aims to test a multilevel approach to reduce adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic with disparate impacts on Latinx and Black immigrants and refugees by observing and implementing three nested levels of intervention. This Diversity Supplement will further advance mental health disparities research through intersectional analyses of the mental health, daily stressors, and economic distress of Latina immigrant mothers, which is critical because recent research that has shown that women have experienced more severe mental health, daily stressor, and economic impacts of the pandemic. These disparities are likely due to multiple factors, such as higher caregiving responsibilities and lower income compared to men, and high rates of exposure to political, structural, and intimate partner violence. These gendered experiences highlight the importance of intersectional approaches which focus on gender and caregiving responsibilities, in addition to immigration status, SES, and race/ethnicity, to understand the pathways and intersecting positionalities that are contributing to mental health disparities. The longitudinal mixed methods data collected from 1140 Latinx immigrants for the parent study will be leveraged to conduct a mixed methods study with an innovative sequential design, in which initial quantitative analyses to describe gender disparities in mental health, daily stressors, and economic precarity among Latinx immigrants (Aim 1) will be followed by qualitative analyses of interviews conducted with a subsample of participants to provide explanation and elaboration on differences in these outcomes (Aim 2), and then subsequent quantitative analyses to test potential moderators and mechanisms suggested by the qualitative findings that may be contributing to gendered disparities (Aim 3). In addition to the proposed research activities, Ms. Lemus will engage in a comprehensive training plan that advances her expertise in 4 key areas: mixed methods and advanced qualitative and quantitative analyses; policy and structural analyses; community-engaged research; and intersectional transnational gender analyses. Guided by a primary mentor and 4 co-mentors, her training includes directed readings, coursework, mentored research activities, and writing and submission of 3 conference abstracts, 4 first-authored papers, a bilingual policy brief and community report, and a F32 application. In sum, the proposed research and training experiences will provide critical opportunities for Ms. Lemus and enhance the impact of the parent grant.