Age-related differences in neurobiological systems supporting emotion

项目摘要 我们的全球人口老龄化速度比以往任何时候都快，这对医疗保健和社区健康带来了挑战。 众所周知，情感过程有助于整个生命周期的健康和幸福。因此，更好的 了解这些过程对预防和治疗健康疾病具有深远的意义 (e.g.,老年抑郁症、心血管疾病、痴呆症）以及支持成年人晚年生活的政策。 老年人可靠地报告更多的积极情绪，较少引起消极情绪， 与年轻成年人相比，调节功效。这些变化主要归因于年龄相关因素。 注意力、记忆、动机、控制和自我调节等认知过程的变化。然而，老年人 成年人也表现出在情绪期间较不强健的自主反应，对身体感觉较不敏感， （interoception），以及适应不良的基于肠道的决策。总的来说，这些发现指向了一种新的 心理老化假说（Physiological Hypothesis of Emotional Aging，PHEA）PHEA假设与年龄相关的变化 在非稳态内感受性脑网络（AIN）内的功能激活和连接产生变化 通过内感受和外周反应的同时变化来影响情绪体验。拟建项目 利用来自赞助商Lindquist正在进行的队列研究的数据， 成人研究（n = 120，18-80岁）。这项研究的参与者完成了一个实验室课程，为期一周， 经验采样，以及功能性大脑扫描，产生生理反应，内感受性 能力，以及实验室和日常生活中的情绪反应。该项目包括6个具体项目。 培训目标，这将有助于申请人建立情感老化的神经生物学，切割新的专业知识- 边缘实验方法（例如，自主生理学的扫描仪内采集，分辨率 功能性脑扫描），和数据分析技术（例如，图论）。科学目标与训练 本建议中概述的目标将使我们更好地了解 健康和无序的情绪老化;将帮助科学家，从业者和政策制定者解决 我们老龄化人口的健康需求;并将支持申请人过渡到生产和 独立研究科学家。

PROJECT SUMMARY Our global population is aging faster than ever, promising challenges for healthcare and community wellness. Affective processes are known to support health and wellbeing across the lifespan. Consequently, a better understanding of these processes has profound implications for the prevention and treatment of health disorders (e.g., geriatric depression, cardiovascular disease, dementia) and for policies supporting adults into later life. Older adults reliably report greater positive emotions, less aroused negative emotions, and greater emotion regulation efficacy compared to younger adults. These changes have primarily been attributed to age-related shifts in cognitive processes like attention, memory, motivation, control, and self-regulation. However, older adults also demonstrate less robust autonomic responding during emotion, lesser sensitivity to bodily sensations (interoception), and maladaptive gut-based decision-making. Collectively, these findings point to a novel hypothesis: the Physiological Hypothesis of Emotional Aging (PHEA). PHEA hypothesizes that age-related shifts in functional activation and connectivity within the allostatic interoceptive brain network (AIN) produce changes in emotional experience via concurrent changes in interoception and peripheral reactivity. The proposed project evaluates this hypothesis across three scientific aims leveraging data from sponsor Lindquist’s on-going cohort study of adults (n = 120, 18-80 years old). Participants in this study complete an in-lab session, one week of experience sampling, and a functional brain scan yielding measures of physiological reactivity, interoceptive ability, and emotional reactivity both in-lab and in-daily life. The proposed project is accompanied by 6 specific training objectives that will help the applicant to build new expertise in the neurobiology of affective aging, cutting- edge experimental methodologies (e.g., in-scanner acquisition of autonomic physiology, ultrahigh resolution functional brain scanning), and data analytic techniques (e.g., graph theory). The scientific aims and training objectives outlined in this proposal will better our understanding of basic mechanisms underlying healthy and disordered emotional aging; will help scientists, practitioners and policymakers address the health needs of our aging population; and will support the applicant’s transition into a productive and independent research scientist.