Neighborhood Social Environment, Composition and Depression in Latinx

项目概要/摘要：抑郁症是美国最普遍的心理健康障碍之一， States.此外，在美国的拉丁裔代表了增长最快的种族群体之一，并报告第二 抑郁症的发病率最高，这使得他们在社区中的存在越来越多，他们的幸福感也与他们的健康有关。 国家的整体成功。然而，社区层面因素对抑郁症的影响，特别是在 拉丁美洲人，仍然被忽视。有一个缺乏研究，探讨影响住宅 精神卫生隔离。更少的人评估了因果关系的途径--包括通过社区 邻里社会凝聚力（NSC）和邻里问题（NP）等特征-使用严格的 定量方法。此外，由于潜在的心理健康，NSC特别令人感兴趣。 它可能带来的好处。然而，研究拉丁美洲国家安全委员会哪个亚组的文献最有帮助， 抑郁症和空间关系可能是有限的。为了弥补这些差距，我将 检查1）居住隔离对两个时间点抑郁症状的直接和间接影响 在拉丁美洲人通过个人层面的NSC和NP，2）住宅的横截面直接和间接影响 通过社区水平的NSC和NP对拉丁美洲人抑郁症状的隔离，3）影响 语言水平对个体水平NSC与抑郁症状关联的修正 同时考虑邻里差异和探索性）探索 个体水平的NSC和拉丁美洲人的抑郁症状。方法与分析：本论文研究将 采用多层次模型，以考虑两个基于人口的数据集的聚类：拉丁美洲样本 在动脉粥样硬化的多种族研究及其辅助邻里研究（目标1，2）和西班牙裔 社区健康调查/拉丁美洲人研究及其社会文化辅助研究（目标3）。为了解决 在文献中的差距，我将1）进行中介分析，使用多层次模型在两个时间点 (2003，2010），以检查居住隔离对抑郁症状的直接和间接影响 通过个人层面的NSC和NP（AIM 1）。为了解决在使用单个级NSC时的相同源极偏差， NP作为中介，一个横截面（2010年）多层次模型将被用来检查直接和间接 使用NSC和NP的社区水平测量的居住隔离对抑郁症状的影响 (AIM 2）。多水平模型也将被用来检查影响修改之间的关联 NSC和抑郁症状的语言能力（AIM 3）。贡献：2年培训计划 在F-31奖学金申请中提出的论文将支持我发展技能和方法 邻里效应研究对完成我的论文研究和博士研究至关重要 训练该奖学金将最终促进我成为一名独立研究科学家的目标， 通过对少数群体的邻里效应研究解决心理健康不公平问题。

Project Summary/Abstract: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders in the United States. Further, Latinos in the US represent one of the fastest growing ethnic groups and report the second highest rates of depression, making their growing presence in neighborhoods and their well-being relevant to the overall success of the nation. Yet the effects of neighborhood-level factors on depression, particularly in Latinos, remains understudied. There exists a paucity of research that examines the effect of residential segregation on mental health. Fewer still has assessed causal pathways— including through neighborhood features such as neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) and neighborhood problems (NP)—using rigorous quantitative methodologies. Additionally, NSC is of particular interest due to the potential mental health benefits it may have. However, the literature examining for what subgroup of Latinos NSC is most helpful for depression and what the spatial relationship may be is limited. In an effort to address these gaps, I will examine 1) The direct and indirect effect of residential segregation on depressive symptoms at two time points in Latinos through individual-level NSC and NP, 2) The cross-sectional direct and indirect effect of residential segregation on depressive symptoms in Latinos through neighborhood-level NSC and NP, 3) Effect modification of the association between individual level NSC on depressive symptoms by language proficiency while accounting for neighborhood differences, and Exploratory) To explore the spatial relationship between individual-level NSC and depressive symptoms in Latinos. Method & Analysis: This dissertation study will employ multilevel models in order to account for clustering in two population-based datasets: the Latino sample in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and its ancillary Neighborhood Study (Aim 1,2) and the Hispanic Community Health Survey/Study of Latinos and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study (Aim 3). In order to address gaps in the literature I will 1) carryout a mediation analysis using a multilevel model across two time points (2003, 2010) to examine the direct and indirect effects of residential segregation on depressive symptoms through individual-level NSC and NP (AIM 1). To address same source bias in using individual-level NSC and NP as mediators, a cross-sectional (2010) multilevel model will be used to examine the direct and indirect effects of residential segregation on depressive symptoms using neighborhood-level measures of NSC and NP (AIM 2). Multilevel models will also be employed to examine effect modification of the association between NSC and depressive symptoms by language proficiency (AIM 3). Contributions: The 2-year training program and dissertation proposed in this F-31 fellowship application will support me in developing skills and methods in neighborhood effects research critical to the completion of my dissertation study and doctoral research training. The fellowship will ultimately further my goal of becoming an independent research scientist that will address mental health inequities through neighborhood effects research in minoritized populations.