HIV latency driven microgliosis

高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗有效地靶向病毒复制，但不能消除前病毒， 长寿的细胞群体。我们对艾滋病毒在人脑中的持久性的了解仍然有限。小胶质细胞是 中枢神经系统固有的免疫细胞。我们的初步数据表明，艾滋病毒感染 原代人小胶质细胞的增殖导致增殖（称为小胶质细胞增生）。本报记者艾滋病病毒载体 一个名为pMorpheus的工具包允许在单细胞水平上检查延迟建立， 显微镜和流式细胞术方法。我们假设HIV感染通过以下途径诱导小胶质细胞增生： 潜伏感染的小胶质细胞的克隆扩增。该提案利用了我们基于pMorpheus的主要 人类小胶质细胞模型系统来实验性地测试这一假设。我们建议调查生产力 从死后大脑中分离的人类初级小胶质细胞中的潜伏性HIV感染 组织（目的1），并确定生物标志物和细胞重新布线的特点，艾滋病毒相关的 小胶质细胞增生（Aim 2）。在这个高风险/高回报R21应用程序中概述的实验将不会 这只是填补了我们对艾滋病毒潜伏期在初级人类中建立的理解的关键知识空白。 小胶质细胞，而且还提供小胶质细胞增生和神经变性的生物标志物。

Highly active antiretroviral therapy effectively targets viral replication but fails to eliminate proviruses in long-lived cell populations. Our knowledge of HIV persistence in the human brain remains limited. Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system. Our preliminary data indicate that HIV infection of primary human microglia cells results in proliferation (termed microgliosis). Our reporter HIV vector toolkit termed pMorpheus allows examination of latency establishment at the single cell level using microscopy and flow cytometry approaches. We hypothesize that HIV infection induces microgliosis by clonal expansion of latently infected microglia cells. This proposal leverages our pMorpheus based primary human microglia model system to experimentally test this hypothesis. We propose to investigate productive and latent HIV infections in depth in human primary microglia cells isolated from post-mortem brain tissues (Aim 1) and to identify biomarkers and cellular rewiring characteristic of HIV associated microgliosis (Aim 2). The experiments outlined in this high risk/high reward R21 application will not only fill critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of HIV latency establishment in primary human microglia cells but also inform on biomarkers of microgliosis and neuro-degeneration.