A novel protective mechanism in hemorrhagic shock

创伤和出血后在体心肌功能的评估被认为是 破译生理机制和设计治疗策略的最关键方法。这个 在临床前动物模型中精确和准确地确定生理功能将提供 发展有效的治疗方法并揭示其深层机制的重要证据(S) 病理障碍和治疗干预。体内非侵入性方法已经成为一种强大的 技术来阐明这些生理功能。我们和其他人广泛使用了体外和侵入性 在小动物研究中确定心功能的方法，提供对心脏功能的关键分析 在实验设计中的表现。然而，这些方法和方法工具与体外培养和 侵入性技术被设计为在研究的最后阶段进行，并以 在研究中对动物实施安乐死，这限制了对心脏功能的活体评估 以连续的方式监测实验研究的进展。不足之处包括 测量和缺乏实时监测的问题。在这项家长R01拨款中，我们将确定心脏功能 对于失血和复苏的小鼠，体内测量心脏功能的方法是 超声心动图评估将以实时和非侵入性的方式进行。我们已经雇佣了 常规超声心动图对小鼠心肌功能的分析 然而，数据的采集存在假阴性和假阳性信号，成像测量的背景噪声高 由于换能器工作频率低的限制，经常发生这种情况。为了确保严谨和 为了巩固我们的研究，我们将要求包括最先进的技术，通过实施高- 分辨率显微超声Vevo®3100 LT成像系统专为小型 动物体内测定心脏功能。使用高分辨率超声的优势 我们研究的Vevo®3100 LT成像系统不仅提供了全面的 为拟议的研究提供准确和连续的心血管功能分析，但这也将影响我们的长期... 通过加强我们的持续支持，专注于研究小动物的生理功能， 提高受训者的知识，并使更多的研究界和NIH资助的研究受益。

The assessment of myocardial function in vivo following trauma and hemorrhage is implicated as one of the most critical approaches to deciphering physiological mechanism and designing a therapeutic strategy. The precise and accurate determination of the physiological function in preclinical animal models will provide important evidence for developing an effectively therapy and unravelling the deep mechanism(s) attributable for pathological disorders and therapeutic intervention. In vivo non-invasive approaches have served as a powerful technology to elucidate these physiological functions. We and others have extensively used in vitro and invasive methods to determine cardiac functioning in small animal studies, providing crucial analysis of cardiac performance in experimental design. However, those approaches and methodological tools with in vitro and invasive techniques were designed to be performed at the end stage of the study and at the expense of euthanizing animals in the studies, which limits obtaining the in vivo assessment of cardiac performance in a serial manner to monitor the progress of experimental studies. The deficiencies include the limitation of measurements and the lack of real time monitoring. In this parent R01 grant, we will determine cardiac function of mice that are subjected to hemorrhage and resuscitation, in vivo measurement of cardiac function by echocardiographic assessment will be conducted in real time and in a non-invasive manner. We have employed echocardiographic analysis of myocardial performance in mouse using the conventional ultrasound for acquisition of data, however, false negative and positive signals, high background noise of imaging measurement frequently occur due to the limitation of the low frequency of transducer. In order to ensure the rigorousness and solidity of our study, we will request to include the most advanced technology by implementing a high- resolution micro-ultrasound the Vevo® 3100 LT imaging system that is specifically designed for small animals to determine in vivo cardiac function. The advantages with employment of the high resolution ultrasound technology the Vevo® 3100 LT imaging systemin our research not only provide a comprehensive array of accurate and serial analyses of cardiovascular function for the proposed studies, but it will also impact our long- standing focus on studying physiological function in small animals by strengthening our ongoing support, improving the knowledge of trainees, and benefiting the greater research community and NIH-funded research.